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§ 1321. Trust funds

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§ 1321. Trust funds

How Current is This?

(a) The following are classified as trust funds:

(1) Philippine special fund (customs duties).

(2) Philippine special fund (internal revenue).

(3) Unclaimed condemnation awards, Department of the Treasury.

(4) Naval reservation, Olangapo civil fund.

(5) Armed Forces Retirement Home Trust Fund.

(6) Return to deported aliens of passage money collected from steamship companies.

(7) Vocational rehabilitation, special fund.

(8) Library of Congress gift fund.

(9) Library of Congress trust fund, investment account.

(10) Library of Congress trust fund, income from investment account.

(11) Library of Congress trust fund, permanent loan.

(12) Relief and rehabilitation, Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act.

(13) Cooperative work, Forest Service.

(14) Wages and effects of American seamen, Department of Commerce.

(15) Pension money, Saint Elizabeths Hospital.

(16) Personal funds of patients, Saint Elizabeths Hospital.

(17) National Park Service, donations.

(18) Purchase of lands, national parks, donations.

(19) Extension of winter-feed facilities of game animals of Yellowstone National Park, donations.

(20) Indian moneys, proceeds of labor, agencies, schools, and so forth.

(21) Funds of Federal prisoners.

(22) Commissary funds, Federal prisons.

(23) Pay of the Navy, deposit funds.

(24) Pay of Marine Corps, deposit funds.

(25) Pay of the Army, deposit fund.

(26) Preservation birthplace of Abraham Lincoln.

(27) Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River, its outlets and tributaries.

(28) Funds contributed for flood control, Sacramento River, California.

(29) Effects of deceased employees, Department of the Treasury.

(30) Money and effects of deceased patients, Public Health Service.

(31) Effects of deceased employees, Department of Commerce.

(32) Topographic survey of the United States, contributions.

(33) National Institutes of Health, gift fund.

(34) National Institutes of Health, conditional gift fund.

(35) Patients’ deposits, United States Marine Hospital, Carville, Louisiana.

(36) Estates of deceased personnel, Department of the Army.

(37) Effects of deceased employees, Department of the Interior.

(38) Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields memorial fund.

(39) Petersburg National Military Park fund.

(40) Gorgas memorial laboratory quotas.

(41) Contributions to International Boundary Commission, United States and Mexico.

(42) Salvage proceeds, American vessels.

(43) Wages due American seamen.

(44) Federal Industrial Institution for Women, contributions for chapel.

(45) General post fund, National Homes, Department of Veterans Affairs.

(46) Repatriation of American seamen.

(47) Expenses, public survey work, general.

(48) Expenses, public survey work, Alaska.

(49) Funds contributed for improvement of roads, bridges, and trails, Alaska.

(50) Protective works and measures, Lake of the Woods and Rainy River, Minnesota.

(51) Washington redemption fund.

(52) Permit fund, District of Columbia.

(53) Unclaimed condemnation awards, National Capital Park and Planning Commission, District of Columbia.

(54) Unclaimed condemnation awards, Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Commission, District of Columbia.

(55) Miscellaneous trust fund deposits, District of Columbia.

(56) Surplus fund, District of Columbia.

(57) Relief and rehabilitation, District of Columbia Workmen’s Compensation Act.

(58) Inmates’ fund, workhouse and reformatory, District of Columbia.

(59) International Center for Middle Eastern-Western Dialogue Trust Fund.

(60) Chamber Music Auditorium, Library of Congress.

(61) Bequest of Gertrude Hubbard.

(62) Puerto Rico special fund (Internal Revenue).

(63) Miscellaneous trust funds, Department of State.

(64) Funds contributed for improvement of (name of river or harbor).

(65) Funds advanced for improvement of (name of river or harbor).

(66) Funds contributed for Indian projects.

(67) Miscellaneous trust funds of Indian tribes.

(68) Ship’s stores profits, Navy.

(69) Completing Surveys within Railroad Land Grants.

(70) Memorial to Women of World War, contributions.

(71) Funds contributed for Memorial to John Ericsson.

(72) American National Red Cross Building, contributions.

(73) Estate of decedents, Department of State, Trust Fund.

(74) Funds due Incompetent Beneficiaries, Department of Veterans Affairs.

(75) To promote the Education of the Blind (principal).

(76) Paving Government Road across Fort Sill Military Reservation, Okla.

(77) Bequest of William F. Edgar, Museum and Library, office of Surgeon General of the Army.

(78) Funds Contributed for Flood Control (name of river, harbor, or project).

(79) Matured obligations of the District of Columbia.

(80) To promote the education of the blind (interest).

[(81) Repealed. Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XV, § 1533(c)(1)(A)(ii), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1735.]

(82) Post-Vietnam Era Veterans Education Account, Department of Veterans Affairs.

(83) United States Government life insurance fund, Department of Veterans Affairs.

(84) Estates of deceased soldiers, United States Army.

(85) Teachers Retirement Fund Deductions, District of Columbia.

(86) Teachers Retirement Fund, Government Reserves, District of Columbia.

(87) Expenses of Smithsonian Institution Trust Fund (principal).

(88) Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund.

(89) Canal Zone Retirement and Disability Fund.

(90) Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund.

(91) Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund.

(b)

(1) Amounts (except amounts received by the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) that are analogous to the funds named in subsection (a) of this section and are received by the United States Government as trustee shall be deposited in an appropriate trust fund account in the Treasury. Except as provided in paragraph (2), amounts accruing to these funds are appropriated to be disbursed in compliance with the terms of the trust.

(2) Expenditures from the following trust funds may be made only under annual appropriations and only if the appropriations are specifically authorized by law:

(A) Armed Forces Retirement Home Trust Fund.

(B) Fisher House Trust Fund, Department of the Army.

(C) Fisher House Trust Fund, Department of the Air Force.

(D) Fisher House Trust Fund, Department of the Navy.

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Federal Reserve and IRS = private corporations!

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In 1934, Congress stipulated that the various special funds maintained by the Department of the Treasury would be known as trusts, i.e., Philippines Trusts ! & 2, and Puerto Rico Trust 62, all three of which are still in the books in Title 31 of the United States Code.

In his article, Cooper cites the Federal Register and the Internal Revenue Manual acknowledgment that Congress never created a Bureau of Internal Revenue. Someone else has since located a Supreme Court decision where justices of the Supreme Court affirm that Congress never created a Bureau of Internal Revenue or Internal Revenue Service. Consequently, IRS has no lawful authority to enforce anything in the Union as Congress is charged with responsibility for establishing any government department or agency that the Constitution itself does not establish.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PvaNWrkFeQ

LOWRY v McGHEE (1835), 16 Tenn. 242

[MYRLANDsMETHODs] 'Money of Account' of the United States

'Money of Account' of the United States
In the United States today we have in effect two governments . . .

We have the duly constitutional Government . . .

Then we have an independent, uncontrolled and uncoordinated government in the Federal Reserve System, operating the money powers which are reserved to Congress by the Constitution."
Congressman Wright Patman,
Chairman, House Banking Committee
General References
See http://uscode.house.gov/

for explanations about the US Code from the folks who put it all together at the LRC.

Look for information about what it is and is not, which titles are "positive law", the schedule of Supplements, etc. Under "download" you can find the source data we use here

(GPO locator files) as well as PDF files that look just like the paper books (watch out for file sizes).
31§ 5101. Decimal system

United States money is expressed in dollars, dimes or tenths, cents or hundreths,[1] and mills or thousandths. A dime is a tenth of a dollar, a cent is a hundredth of a dollar, and a mill is a thousandth of a dollar.
[1] So in original. Probably should be “hundredths,”.
Revised Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
5101
31:371.
R.S. § 3563.

The word “money” is substituted for “money of account” to eliminate unnecessary words. As far as can be determined, the phrase “money of account” has not been interpreted by any court or Government agency. The phrase was used by Alexander Hamilton in his “Report on the Establishment of the Mint” (1791). In that Report, Hamilton propounded 6 questions, including:
1st. What ought to be the nature of the money unit of the United States? Thereafter, Hamilton uses the phrases “money unit of the United States” and “money of account” interchangeably and in the sense that the phrases are used to denote the monetary system for keeping financial accounts. In short, the phrases simply indicate that financial accounts are to be based on a decimal money system:
. . ., and it is certain that nothing can be more simple and convenient than the decimal subdivisions. There is every reason to expect that the method will speedily grow into general use, when it shall be seconded by corresponding coins. On this plan the unit in the money of account will continue to be, as established by that resolution [of August 8, 1786], a dollar, and its multiples, dimes, cents, and mills, or tenths, hundreths, [sic] and thousands. Thus, the phrase “money of account” did not mean, by itself, that dollars or fractions of dollars must be equal to something having intrinsic or “substantive” value. This concept is supported by earlier writings of Thomas Jefferson in his “Notes on the Establishment of a Money Unit, and of a Coinage for the United States” (1784), and the 1782 report to the President of the Continental Congress on the coinage of the United States by the Superintendent of Finances, Robert Morris, which was apparently prepared by the Assistant Superintendent, Gouverneur Morris. See Paul L. Ford, The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, vol. III (G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1894) pp. 446–457; William G. Sumner, The Financier and the Finances of the American Revolution, vol. II (Burt Franklin, 1891, reprinted 1970) pp. 36–47; and George T. Curtis, History of the Constitution, vol. I (Harper and Brothers, 1859) p. 443, n2. The words “or units” and “and all accounts in the public offices and all proceedings in the courts shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation” are omitted as surplus. [snip]
http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode31/usc_sec_31_00005101----000-notes.html


31§5111
(c) Procurements Relating to Coin Production.—
(1) In general.— The Secretary may make contracts, on conditions the Secretary decides are appropriate and are in the public interest, to acquire articles, materials, supplies, and services (including equipment, manufacturing facilities, patents, patent rights, technical knowledge, and assistance) necessary to produce the coins referred to in this title.
(2) Domestic control of coinage.—
(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), in order to protect the national security through domestic control of the coinage process, the Secretary shall acquire only such articles, materials, supplies, and services (including equipment, manufacturing facilities, patents, patent rights, technical knowledge, and assistance) for the production of coins as have been produced or manufactured in the United States unless the Secretary determines it to be inconsistent with the public interest, or the cost to be unreasonable, and publishes in the Federal Register a written finding stating the basis for the determination.
(B) Subparagraph (A) shall apply only in the case of a bid or offer from a supplier the principal place of business of which is in a foreign country which does not accord to United States companies the same competitive opportunities for procurements in connection with the production of coins as it accords to domestic companies.
(3) Determination.—
(A) In general.— Any determination of the Secretary referred to in paragraph (2) shall not be reviewable in any administrative proceeding or court of the United States.
(B) Other rights unaffected.— This paragraph does not alter or annul any right of review that arises under any provision of any law or regulation of the United States other than paragraph (2).
(4) Nothing in paragraph (2) of this subsection in any way affects the procurement by the Secretary of gold and silver for the production of coins by the United States Mint.


31§5112
(e) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall mint and issue, in quantities sufficient to meet public demand, coins which—
(1) are 40.6 millimeters in diameter and weigh 31.103 grams;
(2) contain .999 fine silver;
(3) have a design—
(A) symbolic of Liberty on the obverse side; and
(B) of an eagle on the reverse side;
(4) have inscriptions of the year of minting or issuance, and the words “Liberty”, “In God We Trust”, “United States of America”, “1 Oz. Fine Silver”, “E Pluribus Unum”, and “One Dollar”; and
(5) have reeded edges.
(f) Silver Coins.—
(1) Sale price.— The Secretary shall sell the coins minted under subsection (e) to the public at a price equal to the market value of the bullion at the time of sale, plus the cost of minting, marketing, and distributing such coins (including labor, materials, dies, use of machinery, and promotional and overhead expenses).
(2) Bulk sales.— The Secretary shall make bulk sales of the coins minted under subsection (e) at a reasonable discount.
(3) Numismatic items.— For purposes of section 5132 (a)(1) of this title, all coins minted under subsection (e) shall be considered to be numismatic items.


31§5102
The standard troy pound of the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the Department of Commerce shall be the standard used to ensure that the weight of United States coins conforms to specifications in section 5112 of this title.


31§5103
United States coins and currency (including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks) are legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and dues. Foreign gold or silver coins are not legal tender for debts. The words “All . . . regardless of when coined or issued” are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. The word “debts” is substituted for “debts, public and private” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “public charges, taxes, duties, and dues” are omitted as included in “debts”.


In his book "The Miracle on Main Street", (ISBN# 978-0-911805-00-0) at pg 77, F. Tupper Saussy ask the following question, 'Is Dream Money Lawful Money?' (You've got to get this book! Note; this book was first copyrighted in 1980 so many of the statute number are outdated. I'll attempt to identify the current ones within the writing.)

Quoting;
Title 31§321 (now 31§5103) declares FRNs to be "legal tender". (See "The U.S. Monetary System," p. 148) Since no state or municipal authority can order debts to be settled in irredeemable paper, this statute merely means that FRN's can be offered and accepted as payment in full if neither party objects.
Legal tender is quite different from lawful money. in no US law are FRN's declared to be "lawful money." Lawful money is that money described in The Coinage Act of April 2, 1792 and in Article 1§10 of the US Constitution: gold and silver coined by Congress, the only money the Supreme Law of the land allows the states to make a legal tender.
It's important for you to mark well that FRNs are not your government's money. They bear likenesses of our presidents, they bear the signatures of our Treasurer and the Secretary of the Treasury, they bear beautiful engravings of our most sacred political monuments, and even ~ since the late 1950's -the pious religious motto "In God We Trust," but they are not your government's money. So when you revile American Dream money, you're in no way insulting your government. Federal Reserve paper is not lawful money, not government money. It is the scrip of a private corporation partially owned by your local banker. Whether it's a $100 bill or a $1 bill, a FRN is intrinsically worth about one cent. It's extrinsic worth is whatever it will buy from day to day in the marketplace, just like the 1916-1923 German mark.
Is this any kind of money for a stable country to have?
Between 1913 and 1963, the Fed Reserve promised redeemability in lawful money on their notes. But in 1963, they began issuing notes minus the redeemability promise. This enabled your banker to issue you a note that said "In God We Trust" in exchange for your silver dollar back for the note. An unfair deal, you might say, but who took steps to prevent it?
Interestingly, the first 50,000,000 no-promise FRNs were shipped out on Nov 26, 1963, which happened to be the day of JFK's funeral. A coin dealer friend of mine says, "you know, they couldn't have picked a better day to catch the people off guard.

Before 1963, FRNs, defined by law as "obligations of the US" (12 US 411) [1] were "REDEEMABLE IN LAWFUL MONEY AT THE US TREASURY OR AT ANY FR BANK." Lawful money, you'll remember, "shall be construed to mean gold or silver coin of the US." (12§152)

(http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode12/usc_sec_12_00000151----000-.html

-- repealed in 1994)
Before 1963, "This note is legal tender for all debts, public and private, and is redeemable in lawful money at the US Treasury, or at any FR Bank."
After 1963, "This note is legal tender for all debts, public and private."
The silver certificate was a US treasury receipt for one dollar's worth of silver, or 412.5 grains of silver 90% fine. Since it did not specify silver "coin", many silver certificates were redeemed for little bags of silver power! The irredeemable FRN was treated (and still is by many judges) as a "new kind" of silver certificate, when in fact it bears no relation (other than likeness) in the real world to the silver certificate whatsoever.
To declare the FRN to be a modification of the silver certificate is to perpetrate a fraud. Yet, on November 26, 1963, the Fed Reserve sent out the following press release announcing the changeover. [C.O'Donnell, the Standard Handbook of United States paper Money, Sixth Edition, Harry J. Forman, Inc.., Philadelphia, p. 28]

For immediate release. November 26, 1963. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Treasury Department announced today that more than 50 million new $1 Federal Reserve notes are going into circulation. Issuance of the new $1 notes, authorized by Congress last June, has already begun at all 12 Federal Reserve Banks and their 24 Branches to commercial banks in every part of the country. This will make more silver available for coinage purposes and help to meet the increased demand for currency in connection with pre-Christmas business.
To facilitate the widest possible distribution, the initial supply of the new notes is being distributed through normal commercial banking channels; none of the first 50 million notes will be available to the public at any of the Federal Reserve Banks or Branches.
The new $1 Federal reserve notes clearly resemble the present $1 silver certificates, which ultimately they will replace completely. the back of the new notes and the portrait of George Washington on the face will be exactly the same as the silver certificates. the main difference will be the addition of a symbol, appearing to the left of the portrait, identifying the issuing Federal Reserve Bank, and the wording on the face of the bill. the notes bear the signatures of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Treasurer of the United States, as do Federal Reserve notes of other denominations.
The new notes will read [above the portrait] "The United States of America" and [below the portrait] "One Dollar." The legend stating that the bill "Is Legal Tender For All Debts, Public and Private" appearing on the silver certificates will also appear on the new Federal Reserve notes, but the new notes will not contain any reference to silver. Thus, they will not carry the language: "This Certifies That There Is On Deposit In The Treasury Of The United States of America" [above portrait] and "One Dollar In Silver Payable To The Bearer On Demand" [below the portrait].
Federal Reserve notes have been the basic circulating currency of the United States for many years, comprising over 85 percent (more than $30 billion) of the face amount of all currency in circulation today. They are back 100 percent by collateral in the form of gold certificates, U.S. Government securities, or short-term paper discounted or purchased by the Federal Reserve Banks.
Aside from Changing Times, the only national magazine to mention the Federal Reserve's subtle issuance of irredeemable paper was U.S. News & World Report, December 9, 1963. The event was treated like the introduction of a "new, improved" product. The logic is completely Alice-in-Wonderland: how does the withdrawal of silver certificates from circulation promote the coinage of silver dollars? here's the U.S.N.W.R. story in its entirety:

NOW, A NEW TYPE OF DOLLAR BILL
Fifty million $1 bills of a new kind are being put into circulation. The new and old notes ~ as shown in photos above ~ are very similar. The major difference between the two is that the new bill contains no reference to silver. Congress authorized the Treasury to start withdrawing the $1 silver certificates so the Government's stock of silver bullion could be used for coins or other purposes.
If Congress approves, silver dollars are to be coined next year for the first time in 30 years.
These days it appears like there's not enough gold and silver "to go around." That's because there's so much paper. Inflation always makes people think there's a shortage in precious metals. The reason is simple: increased paper increases prices.
It looks, too, as though we're "off the gold standard," as a banker told me in earnest not long ago. Both this and the "not enough" assumptions are based on pure hearsay. How rarely we bother to check things out! How easily we surrender our lives to gossip! Oh, that ideasphere! for America to be "off the gold (or silver) standard" the Coinage Act of April 2, 1792, which specifies in detail how our money is to be made, would have to be rescinded or repealed by Congress. Then, a constitutional amendment permitting the states to make something other than gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts would have to be passed and ratified by three-fourths of the states.
As of 1980, neither of these events has happened. God help us if they ever should happen.
It is the Federal Reserve's monetary system that is no longer on the gold or silver standard. In the Federal Reserve's own published statement:

Today, in the United States, there are only two kinds of money in use in significant amounts -- currency (paper money and coins in the pockets and uses of the public) and demand deposits (checking accounts in commercial banks). Since $1 in currency and $1 in demand deposits are freely convertible into each other at the option of a bank's customer, both are money to an equal degree. What... makes these instruments acceptable at face value payments of all debts? mainly, it is the confidence people have that they will be able to exchange such money for real goods and services whenever they choose to do so."
[Modern Money Mechanics, Dorothy Nichols, published 1975 by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago]
So there you have it: paper and confidence are the monies in which we conduct our daily commercial transactions, with our friendly banker as our perpetual middleman. but, have the instruments of the Federal Reserve monetary system ever qualified to be the money in which the transactions of government must be conducted?
Let's investigate.
The government is limited to a special kind of money by federal statute. For, you see, in order to live up to the Constitution's promise of establishing domestic tranquility and promoting the general welfare, the people instructed their representatives to keep all official accounts and proceedings "in the money of account of the United States." First legislated in the Coinage Act of 1792, this requirement is found in current law at 31§371, which you should memorize. (now 31§5101 - above)

31§371 The money of account of the US shall be expressed in dollars or units, dimes or tenths, cents or hundredths, and mills or thousandths, a dime being the tenth part of a dollar, a cent the hundredth part of a dollar, a mill the thousandth part of a dollar -- and all accounts into he public offices and all proceedings in the courts shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation.
Thus, it is federal regulation that all accounts in the public offices and all proceedings in the courts must be conducted in whatever has been declared to be "the money of account of the US," this money being expressed -- or measured -- in "dollars."
A dollar, therefore, is neither a coin nor a piece of paper, but simply the name of the unit by which the value of money is measured, just as "quart" is the name of a unit by which liquid is measured. A dealer selling a car for "1500 quarts" would surely be asked "Quarts of what?" Where, then, is the frivolity in asking of a $15 parking ticket, "Fifteen dollars of what?"
When courts and public offices require us to pay in dollars, the dollars must -- until Article 1 §10 is amended or repealed -- be dollars (or units) of the money of account of the US. Is there any doubt in your mind as to what the money of account of the US is?
The Coinage Act of 1792 specifically declared gold and silver to be "as money in the US." But in the 1933 Congress suspended our currency's redemption in gold and in 1968 suspended the redemption of silver certificates in silver. (In both cases, the excuse was "temporary emergency," as it always is when governments work with bankers to harvest the people's property without due process.) The cumulative effect of those acts of 1933 and 1968 was this:

Congress eliminated the money of account of the US from the banking system w/out declaring a replacement, with the astonishing result that neither our courts nor our public offices are complying with 31§371. [N.B. Perhaps due to the surge of inquiries by readers of this little book, section 371 was changed by Public Law 97-258 on September 12, 1982 to read, "US money is expressed in dollars, dimes or tenths, cents or hundredths, mills or thousandths..." Importantly, the change does not affect the meaning of 371 (found in July 2003 at 31§5101). The purpose of PL. 97-258, according to its preamble, was to "revise, codify, and enact w/out substantive change, certain general permanent laws, related to money and finance..." ["Without substantive change" means that if ever a dispute should arise over the meaning of any part of the revision, the original statute must be reverted to.]

Federal Reserve notes and all those confidence-building, important-looking instruments of Federal Reserve banking may be "money," all right, but they've never been declared to be the money of account of the US, as gold and silver have. They may even be measured in dollars or units, but not in dollars or units of money of account of the US.
Federal Reserve notes can be a tender for debts, and they may even be "lawful" money, in the sense that they've never been specifically declared unlawful, but they are not the money of account of the US that is measured in dollars in which "all accounts in the public offices and all the proceedings in the courts shall be kept and had." And if you doubt me, just ask any judge or lawyer or attorney general to show you legislation that disproves me.
In short, Federal Reserve notes are compelling images charged with charm and enchantment, like movies and TV and pages in a magazine. If you believe that they, or the bank demand deposits for which they are redeemable, are the money the law requires us to pay into our government, you're living in a dream world.

Mr. Saussy says in his footnote on page 83, "I'm being intentionally repetitive about this "money-of-account-of-the-United-States-that-is-expressed-in-dollars" business because there's so much misinformation we must set right. The dollar is NOT the money of account, it is the UNIT by which the money of account is measured. Please re-read this section until you have it cold."

George Washington wrote to John Laurens in 1781, "Experience has demonstrated the impracticability long to maintain a paper credit without funds for its redemption."

All the perplexities, confusion and distress in America arise not from defects in their constitution or confederation, not from a want of honor or virtue so much as from downright ignorance of the coin, credit, and circulation." John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 1787

THE MAIN STREET JOURNAL, Vol. 1 No. 3, October 1981... Assertions of economic rights increased with such fervor that on July 4, 1981, it was reported of a Kansas municipal judge who was so impressed with the constitutional solution to our economic problems that he began reading "money rights" to anyone facing a fine in his courtroom. Judge Larry Moritz's "money rights" warning was praised by all lovers of the Constitution:

It is clear by Article 1 Section 10 of the US Constitution and by Title 31§371 of the US Code that this court can only make gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts. However, this court will accept other forms of money, such as Federal Reserve notes or personal checks if tendered.
Judge Thomas Rallis, Justice of the Peace in Pima County, Arizona reached a Constitutional compromise:

The Court finds you guilty because you still don't have registration but I will not impose a fine. Because I don't want you to pay the Court in gold or silver if you do not have it.
On October 3, 1983, County Attorney for Chase County, Nebraska, Guy Curtis wrote:

My opinion to your inquiry regarding the payment of your tax debt... is applicable to any state ...Article 1, Section 10 requires the state ... to denominate your tax debt in gold or silver coin.
Unless and until the state authority denominates your tax debt in gold or silver coin, you are legally immune from such tax since any assessment repugnant to Article 1, Section 10 is absolutely void ...
The stereotyped response by the state attorney general is to cite the federal legal tender law and peremptorily claim that it overrides the state's obligation under Art.1, Sec 10. That this "supremacy" argument is spurious is proved by the fact that the mandate of Article 1, Section 10 comes from the U.S. Constitution itself and is the supreme law of the land. The feds can insure their fiat paper money decree for payment of debts between individuals and for payment of federal taxes and debts, but not between states and their citizens.
Article 1 Section 10 doesn't prohibit the state from accepting paper money. It merely prohibits the state from declaring that things other than gold and silver coin are lawful tender. In other words, when the state Attorney General is asked "What does the state declare is legal tender?" he must answer "Gold and silver coin."
If any property or sales tax form or citation ~ any bill from state or local government, even a parking ticket ~ is labeled "Dollars," we have the right to ask the state, "Does this mean dollars of paper or dollars of silver and/or gold?" The state is not likely to answer gold and silver, since there are none in circulation, and if it answers paper or Federal Reserve dollars, we have the right to ask, "May I see the statute declaring paper to be a tender in payment of debts in this state?"
Of course, there will be no statute declaring paper to be tender in payment of debts. it would bean embarrassing, flagrant violation of the United States constitution. Here's an example of how rigidly a state must adhere to Article 1 Section 10.

This is a case cited in the NOTES TO DECISIONS involving Article 1 Section 10 as published in the Tennessee Code Annotated:
Since nothing but gold and silver coin is a legal tender, tender in bank notes of the bank of the United States to redeem land sold under execution, if objected to will not be good, although equal to coin. ~ LOWRY v McGHEE (1835), 16 Tenn. 242

So there it is, still on the books in the 1980 edition, a case in which the court had no choice but to sustain a man's objection to paper currency, even though the currency was redeemable in gold and silver coin! You can imagine what that court would have said to irredeemable Federal Reserve paper.
If there is no law entitling the state to enforce payment in paper money, and if our paper notes are not redeemable for gold and silver dollars, we and the state have reached an impasse in our economic favor, or what the St. Louis monetary realist Amos Bruce calls a Mexican standoff. We'll pay as soon as they show us how we lawfully can.
And, what if some government official should come after us and bug us in any way? We have the protection of the law, not he. All states have official misconduct statutes. The important part here being "willfully and corruptly". This means that we must first inform the official of Article 1 Section 10, of the fact that bank credits and Federal Reserve paper money are not fold and silver coin, and that you know he is bound by oath to support the Constitution. You see, we're helping them not to break the law by educating him. Now we've given him fair warning. If he tries to oppress us from this point onward, he is being "willful and corrupt," and all we have to do ~ if the District Attorney plays dead ~ is appear before a Grand Jury ourselves, tell those taxpayers what this official did, and get him indicted!
Don't believe the false notion that government officials are permitted to operate corruptly and safely behind "sovereign immunity" laws. There are no sovereigns in America (except us, the people) and no government official is immune from justice if he abuses your rights. We can establish a personal fortune upon the ruins of anyone who runs roughshod over our Constitutional guarantees: he who would unlawfully jeopardize our property loses property to us, and that's what justice is all about.

41 §1983 (as of Jan. 2, 2006)






Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress, except that in any action brought against a judicial officer for an act or omission taken in such officer’s judicial capacity, injunctive relief shall not be granted unless a declaratory decree was violated or declaratory relief was unavailable. For the purposes of this section, any Act of Congress applicable exclusively to the District of Columbia shall be considered to be a statute of the District of Columbia.
As soon as even the most ornery government enforcement people figure out what the issue is all about (and we have to help them, work with them), they instantly join our side. They have to, because the Constitution is on our side. Not to agree with us is to deplore the Constitution, and many people still consider that TREASON.

The people ~ that's us too ~ are entitled to a constant and dependable value of gold and silver coin, responsibly delegated by Congress, not the free market. [This is not to say Congress should ignore the free market. Rather, its regulations should issue in response to free market prices of gold and silver commodities, buffering us from the dangers of wild fluctuations. Is this not carrying out the Constitutional mandate to promote the general welfare"?] That's the whole purpose of Article 1 Sections 8 and 10. What all this means is that knowledgeable persons, persons who object to paper money under Article 1 Sections 8 and 10, are immune from all taxes, fees, debts of any kind under state authority until paper money is made redeemable in gold and silver coin. This is perfectly just. Shouldn't obedience to law and truth contain a reward? Isn't it fitting that economic benefits should flow abundantly upon those with the knowledge and courage to do the right thing by law?

History's paramount lesson is this: when tragedy gathers on the horizon, the knowers act to survive. Only the knowers survive. The knowers. The Noahs. If you still doubt the authority of the people and Article 1 Section 10, consider these principles from American Jurisprudence, supported by cases too numerous to cite.

1. No public policy of a state can be allowed to override the positive guarantees of the Federal Constitution. (16 Amjur 2nd, 70)
2. No emergency justifies the violation of any of the provision so the United States Constitution. (16 Amjur 2nd, 71)
3. Neither emergency nor economic necessity justifies a disregard of cardinal constitutional guarantees. (16 Amjur 2nd, 81)
4. Any attempt to do that which is prescribed in the constitution in any manner other than that prescribed, or to do that which is prohibited is repugnant to that supreme and paramount law and is invalid. (16 Amjur 2nd, 82)

When we consider the nature and the theory of our institutions of government, the principles upon which they are supposed to rest, and review the history of their development, we are constrained to conclude that they do not mean to leave room for the play and action of purely personal and arbitrary power. Sovereignty itself is, of course, not subject to law, for it is the author and source of law; but in our system, while sovereign powers are delegated to the agencies of government, sovereignty itself remains with the people, by whom and for whom all government exists and acts. And the law is the definition and limitation of power (118 US 356).

The term "office" embraces the idea of tenure, duration, and duties in exercising some portion of the sovereign power conferred or defined by law, and the term "employment" does not authorize the exercise of one's own right of any sovereign power or any prescribed independent authority of a governmental nature. Palmer v. State ex rel. Axelroad, 6 so.2d 550, 551, 149 Fla. 615. The term "office" implies a delegation of power of sovereignty to an individual whose duty it becomes to perform or discharge all powers of sovereignty so conferred, and it embraces tenure, duration and duties, and may or may not include compensation. State ex rel. Arthur Kudner, Inc. v. Lee, 7 So.2d 110, 114, 150 Fla. 35.

As set out in the notes of PL 94-412 #60. Joint Resolution of June 5, 1933 (48 Stat. 113, §1). Abrogation of gold clause in government obligations, held a repudiation of the pledge implicit in the power to borrow money (Art.1§8.2), and within the prohibition of the Fourteenth Amendment, against questioning the validity of the public debt.

At 294 U.S. 330 PERRY v. UNITED STATES......
The Fourteenth Amendment, in its fourth section, explicitly declares: 'The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law , ... shall not be questioned.' While this provision was undoubtedly inspired by the desire to put beyond question the obligations of the government issued during the Civil War, its language indicates a broader connotation. We regard it as confirmatory of a fundamental principle which applies as well to the government bonds in question, and to others duly authorized by the Congress, as to those issued before the amendment was adopted. Nor can we perceive any reason for not considering the expression 'the validity of the public debt' as embracing whatever concerns the integrity of the public obligations.
We conclude that the Joint Resolution of June 5, 1933, in so far as it attempted to override the obligation created by the bond in suit, went beyond the congressional power.
"The public welfare demands that constitutional cases must be decided according to the terms of our Constitution itself, and not according to judges' views of fairness, reasonableness, or justice. I have no fear of constitutional amendments properly adopted, but I do fear the rewriting of the Constitution by judges under the guise of interpretation."
Justice Hugo Black
in Columbia University's
Charpentier Lectures, 1968

"The people can discern right, and will make their way to a knowledge of right... The appeal from the unjust legislation of today must be made quietly, earnestly, perseveringly: in a popular government injustice is neither to be established by force, nor to be resisted by force: in a word, the Union, which was constituted by consent, must be preserved by love."
George Bancroft
Commemorative Oration Upon the Death of Andrew Jackson,
Washington D.C
June 27, 1845

Roger Sherman, the great statesman of Connecticut, gave his mind to the questions about money and mediums, commerce and exchanges, and having mastered them, in 1752, under the name of Philoeuonomos, "the lover of just laws," he addressed to the men of Connecticut "A caveat against injustice, or an inquiry into the evil consequences of a fluctuating medium of exchange." These are some of his words: "The legislature of Connecticut have at length taken effectual care to prevent a further depreciation of the bills of this colony; the other governments," (meaning New Hampshire and Rhode Island) "not having taken the like prudent care, their bills of credit are still sinking in their value." ... "Money ought to be something of certain value, it being that whereby other things are to be valued."... "And this I would lay down as a principle that can't be denied, that a debtor ought not to pay any debts with less value than was contracted for, without the consent of or against the will of the creditor." . .. "If what is used as a medium of exchange is fluctuating in its value, it is no better than unjust weights and measures, both which are condemned by the laws of God and man; and, therefore, the longest and most universal custom could never make the use of such a medium either lawful or reasonable.George Bancroft, A Plea for the Constitution, p.19 - p.20"We, in this colony, are seated on a very fruitful soil; the product whereof, with our labor and industry and the divine blessing thereon, would sufficiently furnish us with and procure us all the necessaries of life and as good a medium of exchange as any people in the world have or can desire. But so long as we part with our most valuable commodities for such bills of credit as are no profit, we shall spend great part of our labor and substance for that which will not profit us; whereas if these things were reformed we might be as independent, flourishing and happy a colony as any in the British dominions."*George Bancroft, A Plea for the Constitution, p.20In May of the same year, the famous traveller, John Ledyard, and twenty-five other merchants of Connecticut caught up the theme, and in a petition to their legislature said: "The medium of trade whereby our dealings are valued and weighed ought to be esteemed as sacred as any weights and measures whatever, and, to maintain justice, must be kept as stable, for as a false weight and false balance is an abomination to the Lord, a false and unstable medium is equally so, as it occasions as much iniquity and is at least as injurious."*George Bancroft, A Plea for the Constitution, p.20The Connecticut assembly supported the memorialists, excluded the bills of paper money of Rhode Island, and overcoming every embarrassment, at last, like Massachusetts, redeemed every nine shillings of its paper money with one shilling in specie. After the first day of November, 1756, all accounts in Connecticut were kept in lawful money.

“The same monetary system that was established on April 2, 1792, is in effect today.”
--Bruce A. Budlong,
Acting Director
Special Financing Staff
Department of the Treasury, Fiscal Service
August 18, 1977

“The terms ‘lawful money’ and ‘lawful money of the United States ’ shall be construed to mean gold or silver coin of the United States .” 12 USC §152 repealed Sept. 23, 1994, Pub. L. 103–325, title VI, § 602(e)(22), (23), (f)(7), Section 152, R.S. § 5186, related to mandatory establishment of lawful money reserves by associations issuing gold notes and reception by such associations of gold notes of other associations in payment of debts.

Regards,
Kenneth-R: of the Nicholson family estate
702-362-3290
alakinpools@cox.net
Kenneth@art1sec10.org
[89180-1851]

[Footnote 1] 12§411
Federal reserve notes, to be issued at the discretion of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for the purpose of making advances to Federal reserve banks through the Federal reserve agents as hereinafter set forth and for no other purpose, are authorized. The said notes shall be obligations of the United States and shall be receivable by all national and member banks and Federal reserve banks and for all taxes, customs, and other public dues. They shall be redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the United States, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, or at any Federal Reserve bank.

31 Questions and Answers about the IRS, Revision 3.4

31 Questions and Answers about the IRS, Revision 3.4

Looking for a Remote Paralegal - Telecommuting General Discussion Area - Virtual Vocations

Looking for a Remote Paralegal - Telecommuting General Discussion Area - Virtual Vocations

Pyrahealth - Pyramid Yantra Testimonials

Pyrahealth - Pyramid Yantra Testimonials




http://www.gabriellegodling.com/

Pyrahealth - Pyramid Yantra Testimonials

Pyrahealth - Pyramid Yantra Testimonials: "Gabrielle Godling Miami, FL USA

WOW..... wow...... wow... That seems all I can say at this

time"





Gabrielle Godling Miami, FL USA

WOW..... wow...... wow... That seems all I can say at this

time

On Wed, 11/26/08, Andy Cella




From: Andy Cella
<ajcliberty@sbcglobal.net>
Subject:

Wednesday, November 26, 2008, 5:45 PM


I hope that you have a very nice Thanksgiving and holiday season.

Everyday is Thanksgiving for me because even though our country is in a horrific mess, we are still better off than 90% of the world, But I wonder for how long?

Unless somebody pulls a rabbit out of the hat we are in for some rough sledding.

I don't care for myself because I won't be here much longer and I am ashamed of the legacy that we are leaving the younger generations.

Not just the financial legacy but the moral legacy.

I believe that Thomas Jefferson said that " if we can't hold what has been given to us, then we don't deserve to have it, and I agree, but the younger generations didn't put themselves in this position, we put them there because we didn't train or educate them properly.

Thanks for the information that you send to me and I haven't given up hope that somehow, someway, we will be able to somehow reverse the horrific wrong that has been pushed on us and get rid of our "so called" democracy and go back to our Republic.

God bless.

http://www.endthefed.us

US CODE: Title 31,1321. Trust funds

US CODE: Title 31,1321. Trust funds

US CODE: Title 31,1321. Trust funds

US CODE: Title 31,1321. Trust funds

County to pay legal fees for frivolous lien against sheriff - Kirksville, MO - Kirksville Daily Express

County to pay legal fees for frivolous lien against sheriff - Kirksville, MO - Kirksville Daily Express

ForwardAmerica: MKULTRA: Government Mind Control Experiments, Part 4

ForwardAmerica: MKULTRA: Government Mind Control Experiments, Part 4

MKULTRA: Government Mind Control Experiments, Part 4
Part 4An important American experimenter was Dr. James E. Ketcham. He later revealed tghat the Army believed that the Soviets had a major LSD experimentation program because they imported huge amounts of rye from their satellites. He also worked with deliriants like belladonna. The retarded children of military personnel were used for experiments at a site near Dallas according to Ken Wooden of PrincetonThere were other important experimenters including Heinrich Mueller, alias Dr. Blue or Gog, and his two sons , also physicians. Some times thew were known as Teddy Bear (Theodore) and Robin Hood (Michael). . The experiments were carried on at many military bases and civilian locations, always under cover of innocent-sounding projects. Important work was done at Englewood Arsenal, Maryland, where Friedrich Hoffman carried out psychochemical experiments. Also involved there was Dr. Hubertus Strunghold, who had done experiments on truth serums at Dachau, using mescaline and psychedelics. His work for us was appropriately called Project Chatter. Six other Nazi scientists were there.There were Nazi directed experiments on American citizens here and at a mental hospital in New York City. Other experiments that were follow-ups on Dacuau work succeeded in dissolving memory via electronic shock ( ORD—psychoelectronics) in the sixties. At six Nazi doctors had experimented with radiation and mind control were brought into the MKULTRA program. Nazi scientists believed mind control worked best when the subjects were conditioned as children. Experiments centered on enhancing memory, control of behavior , and developing enhanced interrogation techniques and preparing people to resist vigorous interrogation. Techniques included electronic shock, hypnosis, forms of torture, and drugs including the development of LSD. Germans at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute were experimenting with LSD in the 1930s, and Dr. Max Rinkel, who had worked there, fled Germany and brought news of LSD to American authorities. He fled to Boston before the war but did not give the drug to Army scientists until 1949, at which time he and others began working on it for the military. The army air force paid Hermann Becker-Freysing, who was sentenced to twenty years by the Nuremburg Tribunal, to write everything he could remember about his mind control experiments.

Criminal Politics Magazine - Exploring the World's Conspiracy and Secret Societies

Criminal Politics Magazine - Exploring the World's Conspiracy and Secret Societies

The Debris of History - Signs of the Times - Tue, 31 Oct, 2006

The Debris of History - Signs of the Times - Tue, 31 Oct, 2006: "The soft, the complacent the self-satisfied societies will be swept away with the debris of history - John Fitzgerald Kennedy"









The soft, the complacent the self-satisfied societies will be swept away with the debris of history - John Fitzgerald Kennedy

The Pentagon Invades Your Life -- Signs of the Times News

The Pentagon Invades Your Life -- Signs of the Times News

CORPORATE US IS BANKRUPT-WE MUST ACT IMMEDIATELY SO WE DON'T GO DOWN WITH THEM - READ THIS AS IF YOUR FUTURE DEPENDED ON IT - BECAUSE IT DOES!

CORPORATE US IS BANKRUPT-WE MUST ACT IMMEDIATELY SO WE DON'T GO DOWN WITH THEM - READ THIS AS IF YOUR FUTURE DEPENDED ON IT - BECAUSE IT DOES!

Supreme Law Library : The Federal Zone : index

Supreme Law Library : The Federal Zone : index: "Supreme Law Library


The Federal Zone:
Cracking the Code of Internal Revenue

Electronic Eleventh Edition

[Note: Small numbers indicate number of bytes in ASCII portion of files.]


Table of Contents"

Cracking the Code

Cracking the Code: "That “income”, “wages”, “self-employment income”, “employee”, “employer” and “trade or business”-- as these and certain other terms are used within, and in regard to, the tax law-- have narrow legal meanings exclusively involving, and applying to, certain privileged activities, such as holding or administering a government office, or working in one."

Wesley Snipes acquitted of federal tax fraud - Celebrities- msnbc.com

Wesley Snipes acquitted of federal tax fraud - Celebrities- msnbc.com

Money, Banks and Democracy: The reality beneath the ideological fantasies

Money, Banks and Democracy: The reality beneath the ideological fantasies

Thomas Jefferson
I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies. If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their money, first by inflation and then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around them (around the banks), will deprive the people of their property until their children will wake up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered.

"I am a most unhappy man. I have unwittingly ruined my country. A great industrial nation is controlled by its system of credit. Our system of credit is concentrated. The growth of the nation, therefore, and all our activities are in the hands of a few men. We have come to be one of the worst ruled, one of the most completely controlled and dominated Governments in the civilized world - no longer a Government by free opinion, no longer a Government by conviction and the vote of the majority, but a Government by the opinion and duress of a small group of dominant men."-President Woodrow Wilson

Lord Acton
The issue which has swept down the centuries and which will have to be fought sooner or later is the people versus the banks.

James Madison
History records that the money changers have used every form of abuse, intrigue, deceit, and violent means possible to maintain their control over governments by controlling the money and its issuance.

Mayer Amschel Rothschild
Give me control of a nation's money and I care not who makes the laws.

Napoleon Bonaparte
When a government is dependent upon bankers for money, they and not the leaders of the government control the situation, since the hand that gives is above the hand that takes. Money has no motherland; financiers are without patriotism and without decency; their sole object is gain.

Franklin D. Roosevelt
The real truth of the matter is, as you and I know, that a financial element in the large centers has owned the government of the U.S. since the days of Andrew Jackson.

Lord Acton
Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.

Marcus Tullius Cicero
A nation can survive its fools, and even the ambitious. But it cannot survive treason from within. An enemy at the gates is less formidable, for he is known and carries his banner openly. But the traitor moves amongst those within the gate freely, his sly whispers rustling through all the alleys, heard in the very halls of government itself. For the traitor appears not a traitor; he speaks in accents familiar to his victims, and he wears their face and their arguments, he appeals to the baseness that lies deep in the hearts of all men. He rots the soul of a nation, he works secretly and unknown in the night to undermine the pillars of the city, he infects the body politic so that it can no longer resist. A murder is less to fear.

FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code

FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code

case80();

Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : Title 31 : Section 1321
Title 31 U.S. Code Document Library Legal Dictionary Legal News FindLaw Guide LawCrawler Web US Gov Sites Mailing List Archives Sup Court 1893+ US Fed Circuits US Constitution
United States Code
TITLE 31 - MONEY AND FINANCE
SUBTITLE II - THE BUDGET PROCESS
CHAPTER 13 - APPROPRIATIONS
SUBCHAPTER II - TRUST FUNDS AND REFUNDS
U.S. Code as of: 01/19/04 Section 1321. Trust funds (a) The following are classified as trust funds:
(1) Philippine special fund (customs duties).
(2) Philippine special fund (internal revenue).
(3) Unclaimed condemnation awards, Department of the Treasury.
(4) Naval reservation, Olangapo civil fund.
(5) Armed Forces Retirement Home Trust Fund.
(6) Return to deported aliens of passage money collected from
steamship companies.
(7) Vocational rehabilitation, special fund.
(8) Library of Congress gift fund.
(9) Library of Congress trust fund, investment account.
(10) Library of Congress trust fund, income from investment
account.
(11) Library of Congress trust fund, permanent loan.
(12) Relief and rehabilitation, Longshore and Harbor Workers'
Compensation Act.
(13) Cooperative work, Forest Service.
(14) Wages and effects of American seamen, Department of
Commerce.
(15) Pension money, Saint Elizabeths Hospital.
(16) Personal funds of patients, Saint Elizabeths Hospital.
(17) National Park Service, donations.
(18) Purchase of lands, national parks, donations.
(19) Extension of winter-feed facilities of game animals of
Yellowstone National Park, donations.
(20) Indian moneys, proceeds of labor, agencies, schools, and
so forth.
(21) Funds of Federal prisoners.
(22) Commissary funds, Federal prisons.
(23) Pay of the Navy, deposit funds.
(24) Pay of Marine Corps, deposit funds.
(25) Pay of the Army, deposit fund.
(26) Preservation birthplace of Abraham Lincoln.
(27) Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River,
its outlets and tributaries.
(28) Funds contributed for flood control, Sacramento River,
California.
(29) Effects of deceased employees, Department of the Treasury.
(30) Money and effects of deceased patients, Public Health
Service.
(31) Effects of deceased employees, Department of Commerce.
(32) Topographic survey of the United States, contributions.
(33) National Institutes of Health, gift fund.
(34) National Institutes of Health, conditional gift fund.
(35) Patients' deposits, United States Marine Hospital,
Carville, Louisiana.
(36) Estates of deceased personnel, Department of the Army.
(37) Effects of deceased employees, Department of the Interior.
(38) Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields
memorial fund.
(39) Petersburg National Military Park fund.
(40) Gorgas memorial laboratory quotas.
(41) Contributions to International Boundary Commission, United
States and Mexico.
(42) Salvage proceeds, American vessels.
(43) Wages due American seamen.
(44) Federal Industrial Institution for Women, contributions
for chapel.
(45) General post fund, National Homes, Department of Veterans
Affairs.
(46) Repatriation of American seamen.
(47) Expenses, public survey work, general.
(48) Expenses, public survey work, Alaska.
(49) Funds contributed for improvement of roads, bridges, and
trails, Alaska.
(50) Protective works and measures, Lake of the Woods and Rainy
River, Minnesota.
(51) Washington redemption fund.
(52) Permit fund, District of Columbia.
(53) Unclaimed condemnation awards, National Capital Park and
Planning Commission, District of Columbia.
(54) Unclaimed condemnation awards, Rock Creek and Potomac
Parkway Commission, District of Columbia.
(55) Miscellaneous trust fund deposits, District of Columbia.
(56) Surplus fund, District of Columbia.
(57) Relief and rehabilitation, District of Columbia Workmen's
Compensation Act.
(58) Inmates' fund, workhouse and reformatory, District of
Columbia.
[(59) Repealed. Pub. L. 101-510, div. A, title XV, Sec.
1533(c)(1)(A)(ii), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1735.]
(60) Chamber Music Auditorium, Library of Congress.
(61) Bequest of Gertrude Hubbard.
(62) Puerto Rico special fund (Internal Revenue).
(63) Miscellaneous trust funds, Department of State.
(64) Funds contributed for improvement of (name of river or
harbor).
(65) Funds advanced for improvement of (name of river or
harbor).
(66) Funds contributed for Indian projects.
(67) Miscellaneous trust funds of Indian tribes.
(68) Ship's stores profits, Navy.
(69) Completing Surveys within Railroad Land Grants.
(70) Memorial to Women of World War, contributions.
(71) Funds contributed for Memorial to John Ericsson.
(72) American National Red Cross Building, contributions.
(73) Estate of decedents, Department of State, Trust Fund.
(74) Funds due Incompetent Beneficiaries, Department of
Veterans Affairs.
(75) To promote the Education of the Blind (principal).
(76) Paving Government Road across Fort Sill Military
Reservation, Okla.
(77) Bequest of William F. Edgar, Museum and Library, office of
Surgeon General of the Army.
(78) Funds Contributed for Flood Control (name of river,
harbor, or project).
(79) Matured obligations of the District of Columbia.
(80) To promote the education of the blind (interest).
[(81) Repealed. Pub. L. 101-510, div. A, title XV, Sec.
1533(c)(1)(A)(ii), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1735.]
(82) Post-Vietnam Era Veterans Education Account, Department of
Veterans Affairs.
(83) United States Government life insurance fund, Department
of Veterans Affairs.
(84) Estates of deceased soldiers, United States Army.
(85) Teachers Retirement Fund Deductions, District of Columbia.
(86) Teachers Retirement Fund, Government Reserves, District of
Columbia.
(87) Expenses of Smithsonian Institution Trust Fund
(principal).
(88) Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund.
(89) Canal Zone Retirement and Disability Fund.
(90) Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund.
(91) Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund.
(b)(1) Amounts (except amounts received by the Comptroller of the
Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) that are
analogous to the funds named in subsection (a) of this section and
are received by the United States Government as trustee shall be
deposited in an appropriate trust fund account in the Treasury.
Except as provided in paragraph (2), amounts accruing to these
funds are appropriated to be disbursed in compliance with the terms
of the trust.
(2) Expenditures from the following trust funds may be made only
under annual appropriations and only if the appropriations are
specifically authorized by law:
(A) Armed Forces Retirement Home Trust Fund.
(B) Fisher House Trust Fund, Department of the Army.
(C) Fisher House Trust Fund, Department of the Air Force.
(D) Fisher House Trust Fund, Department of the Navy.

Who and What is the IRS?

Who and What is the IRS?: "In his article, Cooper cites the Federal Register and the Internal Revenue Manual acknowledgment that Congress never created a Bureau of Internal Revenue. Someone else has since located a Supreme Court decision where justices of the Supreme Court affirm that Congress never created a Bureau of Internal Revenue or Internal Revenue Service. Consequently, IRS has no lawful authority to enforce anything in the Union as Congress is charged with responsibility for establishing any government department or agency that the Constitution itself does not establish."

Who and What is the IRS?

Who and What is the IRS?
article by Bill Cooper, published in the September 1995 issue of Veritas

US CODE: Title 31,1321. Trust funds

US CODE: Title 31,1321. Trust funds: "TITLE 31 > SUBTITLE II > CHAPTER 13 > SUBCHAPTER II > § 1321Prev Next § 1321. Trust funds"


TITLE 31 > SUBTITLE II > CHAPTER 13 > SUBCHAPTER II > § 1321
Prev Next
§ 1321. Trust funds

By Dan Meador (April 5, 2000) Agents of a Foreign Government:

http://www.svpvril.com/irs_dm_bc.html

Ordering 866-604-3463 TOLL FREE, M-F, 8am-11am MST - Site Search - Free Catalog & email us

Agents of a Foreign Government:

A Bizarre Saga

By Dan Meador (April 5, 2000)

An Internet friend recently forwarded an article by Bill Cooper, published in the September 1995 issue of Veritas. The title is "B.A.T.F./IRS Criminal Fraud". Wayne Bentson of Arizona collaborated with Cooper, also of Arizona, to produce a documentary article that would spark revolution if syndicated media published it.

The Cooper article might have befuddled me when I first saw it the month it was published had it come out of the blue, but my wife and I had just finished what we called the "monster" tax. Our index went through the Internal Revenue Code section-by-section, listing regulations as they appear in the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules, then we tracked titles and listed headings for the regulations. Because of our index, I was able to verify many of Cooper's authorities without going to actual texts. What I found was that Cooper-Bentson conclusions were reinforced by the index.

One significant proof we had was that there are no implementing regulations for section 7621 of the Internal Revenue Code, which authorizes the President to establish revenue districts. Consequently, there are no revenue districts in States of the Union. The Cooper article explained why. With enactment of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, Federal income tax administration had for all practical purposes been turned over to the Bureau of Internal Revenue, Puerto Rico, which in 1953, via executive name change, had become the Internal Revenue Service.

I might not take time to write this account, but an Illinois attorney and an Idaho United States Attorney put icing on the cake. The Internal Revenue Service is an agency of a government that is technically foreign to the United States, and the Department of Justice does not have authority to defend IRS personnel in civil or criminal matters. We'll elaborate on that good news later. Before detailing these revelations, I need to account for significant historical events.

There was a troubling void in Cooper-Bentson research. When Cooper wrote the article in 1995, he and Bentson hadn't found origins of the Bureau of Internal Revenue, Puerto Rico. I didn't find it until late 1998 even though I knew where to look when I read the Downs v. Bidwell decision in 1997. The first civil governor of Puerto Rico established five bureaus in the Puerto Rico Department of Treasury on May 1, 1900. The five bureaus were eventually merged to become the Bureau of Internal Revenue. Early Puerto Rican administrative acts and legislation were annually published in Senate Documents after 1900. Detailing evolution of the Bureau of Internal Revenue is simply a matter of sitting down with these dusty old books.

Our acting Secretary of our Treasury changed the name of the Bureau of Internal Revenue to Internal Revenue Service in 1953 prior to implementation of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954. The new Code, which replaced the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, was based on Reorganization Plan 26 of 1950 and Reorganization Plan 1 of 1952, both effected by Harry Truman.

In his article, Cooper cited the Federal Register and the Internal Revenue Manual acknowledgement that Congress never created a Bureau of Internal Revenue. We have since located a decision where Supreme Court justices acknowledged that Congress never created a Bureau of Internal Revenue or Internal Revenue Service. Consequently, IRS has no lawful authority to enforce anything in the Union as Congress is charged with responsibility for establishing any government department or agency that the Constitution itself does not establish. If it isn't established by law enacted in compliance with the constitutionally prescribed legislative process, an agency doesn't legitimately exist. It has no lawful authority. Whatever it undertakes is de facto -- it may do one thing or another in fact, but all acts are without lawful authority.

In the historical account by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue published in the Federal Register and the Internal Revenue Manual, the Commissioner alleged that Congress intended to create a Bureau of Internal Revenue via 1862 legislation that established the Commissioner's office. But by reading the 1862 legislation, it is easy to see that Congress did what was intended. The act created the offices of assessor and collector, with one of each for each revenue district. Assessors and collectors were appointed in the fashion U.S. Attorneys are presently appointed. They were political patronage positions. The offices continued to exist until implementation of Reorganization Plan 26 of 1950.

In order to come to terms with what happened via the Truman reorganization plans, we need to review evolution of law relating to drugs and alcohol dating to the turn of the century. We will begin with termination of national alcohol prohibition, then take another step back to the time immediately following the Spanish-American War in 1898 and the Chinese Boxer Rebellion in 1900.

In 1933, the Twenty-first Amendment repealed the Eighteenth, which terminated national prohibition. Each State of the Union was thereafter free to determine whether or not to continue prohibition. However, Federal agencies continued to enforce state liquor laws to the point of the Constantine decision in December 1935. In the decision, Supreme Court justices said that once the Eighteenth Amendment was repealed, State and Federal agencies ceased to have concurrent jurisdiction for enforcement of alcohol-related laws as the Eighteenth Amendment contained the concurrent jurisdiction grant of authority. Once the amendment was repealed, concurrent jurisdiction was repealed.

Until summer 1935, the Feds enforced 1926 prohibition law. The 1926 law was replaced by the Federal Alcohol Administration Act of 1935. In the wake of the Constantine decision, a director was appointed, but the Federal Alcohol Administration was never staffed. Then via Reorganization Plan 3 of 1940, administration of the Federal Alcohol Administration Act was transferred to the Bureau of Internal Revenue, predecessor of the Internal Revenue Service.

As the Cooper article suggested, BIR, Puerto Rico and/or BIR, Philippines had already effected encroachment into the Union via China Trade Act legislation, which implemented maritime (customs) laws relating to trade in opium, cocaine and citric wines. The first drug-related law significantly affecting the Union was passed in 1914, then with the 1918 amendment, Federal agencies began zealously enforcing drug laws in the several States even though they applied only to international trade.

Timing was ideal. Significant political mobilization was responsible for the alcohol prohibition amendment, so Federal enforcement agencies took advantage of considerable empathy for purging any kind of intoxicating substance. In his letter supporting the 1940 Reorganization Plan, Roosevelt acknowledged that BIR had been enforcing provisions of the Federal Alcohol Administration Act anyway, so formal transfer of responsibility didn't effect significant change. BIR, Puerto Rico, and possibly BIR, Philippines, had been engaged in covert operations in the several States for at least two decades prior to transfer of administration of the Federal Alcohol Administration Act.

This is an important point that can be framed by a question: Has the Constitution been amended to impose national prohibition against drugs classified as controlled dangerous substances? If it required an amendment to impose national prohibition against alcohol, and alcohol prohibition was repealed when the amendment was repealed, it would obviously take a constitutional amendment to impose national drug prohibition. No such amendment exists. Yet approximately 60% of our Federal prisoners, and 35-40% of our State prisoners, are incarcerated for drug-related offenses. This usurpation of power is responsible for unlawful incarceration of at least a million Americans.

Via the Spanish-American War, United States Government strengthened her global empire position in the Atlantic and Pacific, then following the Boxer Rebellion, we joined hands with Britain, Germany and other maritime interests to carve up China for purposes of drug trade. Via the China Trade Act in 1904, Congress enacted domestic legislation that for all practical purposes monopolized importation of opium and cocaine, both of which have important medicinal as well as recreational uses.

Some time before Cooper wrote his article, I read the 1992 New York v. United States decision. In the decision, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor used the term "Cooperative Federalism".

My response was "What the devil is Cooperative Federalism?"

The next time I saw formal use of the term was in the title of an article in the 1992 edition of The Book of the States. In the meantime, I ran across the "Federalism" executive order Ronald Reagan executed. William Jefferson Clinton keeps trying to liberalize the Federalism executive order to further Federal encroachment, but he is getting considerable resistance. This particular executive order is simply a policy statement. It doesn't meet publishing requirements of section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code and the Federal Register Act, so it has intragovernmental application only (See 5 U.S.C. þ 301 for limitations). While practice is something else, Mr. Reagan's Federalism executive order ideally preserves the clear line between State and Federal authority, while Mr. Clinton, it seems, would brazenly crash the Tenth Amendment barrier.

Although the second is a redundancy, let's address the Federalism/Cooperative Federalism scheme through two constitutional questions: Have Article I þ 8, clauses 5 & 6 and Article I þ 10, paragraph one of the Constitution been repealed or amended? Has the Constitution been amended to effect prohibition against opium, cocaine, and other such substances?

We'll follow those questions with two more: Do we have gold and silver coin as our national monetary system? Do we have national prohibition against drugs?

Obviously, the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, as amended, is patently unconstitutional. At least it is if it applies to the Union. But it might not be if it applies to United States Government itself and territories and insular possessions of the United States. Likewise, Federal drug laws might be legitimate if they apply to the District of Columbia and insular possessions of the United States. It is here that Congress has plenary or near-absolute power. And we can lengthen the list. The Federal Alcohol Administration Act is legitimate in Puerto Rico, but not Oklahoma. Likewise, the Social Security Act of 1935 is legitimate in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, etc., but not in Kansas. Also in 1935, the Supreme Court judicially condemned Congress' first effort to implement a national social welfare program. When the Social Security Act was subsequently enacted, it applied only to the District of Columbia, the territories of Alaska and Hawaii, and insular possessions such as Puerto Rico that were not incorporated in the constitutional scheme.

Definitions of "State", "United States" and "citizen" in Part 31.3121(e)-1 in title 26 of the Code of Federal Regulations clearly prescribe geographical limits where the Social Security Act is applicable. These definitions demonstrate that the Social Security Act was applicable in Alaska and Hawaii while they were territories, but no longer applied when they were respectively admitted to the Union. It has never lawfully applied to States of the Union admitted prior to 1935.

While in the grips of the thirties great depression, State officials were hell-bent on accommodating destruction of the American democratic republic and liberties attending the free enterprise system. At the January 1937 general conference of the Council of State Governments, delegates from a majority of our state legislatures endorsed the Declaration of Intergovernmental Dependence. The declaration formalized what was already a working arrangement. Elected and appointed state officials embraced the Federal dole system, and by setting up the infrastructure, provided a forum for state governing bodies to determine what Federal encroachment they would accommodate. The intergovernmental dependence declaration is published in Book 2, Volume 2 of The Book of the States.

Here are more relevant questions: Does the executive branch have legislative authority? Can the President unilaterally repeal law once Congress has formally enacted it?

Via Reorganization Plan 3 of 1940, Roosevelt reassigned duties of the Federal Alcohol Administration to BIR, thereby abolishing the agency Congress established by law in 1935, then via Reorganization Plan 26 of 1950, Truman abolished offices of internal revenue assessors and collectors that existed since 1862 legislation. But these draconian changes shouldn't adversely affect the American people at large: Since implementation of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, there have been no Federal internal revenue districts in the several States. The Internal Revenue Code limits IRS assessment and collection activity to whatever revenue districts are established under authority of 26 U.S.C. þ 7621. A vast majority of Internal Revenue Code taxing authority is geographically limited to the District of Columbia and insular possessions of the United States, exclusive of States of the Union.

In 1998, I solved another mystery: Via Executive Order #10289, as amended, the President authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to establish revenue districts under authority of section 7621 of the Internal Revenue Code. Although section 7621 isn't listed in the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules, E.O. #10289 is. The implementing regulation is Part 101 of title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The regulation establishes customs collection offices in each State of the Union; it does not establish internal revenue districts. A note at Part 301.7621-1 of title 26 of the Code of Federal Regulations confirms that E.O. #10289 is the only authority for establishing revenue districts.

"So what are these people doing in Oklahoma and other States of the Union?" is an obvious question.

The Federal tax mystery is resolved to a certain extent by understanding that there is another application other than the geographical. That is, many of these reorganization plans, executive orders, etc. (executive legislation) are intragovernmental in nature. The application is to government agencies and personnel, not the general population. This is where Chapter 24 of the Internal Revenue Code contributes to understanding: Withholding from wages, salaries and tips is authorized for government agencies, not private enterprise. The Federal Reserve System board of governors and Federal Reserve regional banks collectively and individually serve as "fiscal agent" of United States Government. As if by magic, they launder "public money" (revenue and obligations of United States Government, commonly known as "credit") in such a fashion that the sleight of hand is more bizarre than the Federal tax system. But that goes beyond the scope of this article.

Beginning with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, all territorial acquisitions until the Spanish-American War were incorporated into the constitutional scheme. Whether the territory was acquired by purchase, conquest or otherwise, it was destined to become a State of the Union, and inhabitants of the territory were extended full constitutional rights and benefits. But when the King of Spain ceded Puerto Rico and the Philippines, these insular possessions were not incorporated in the constitutional scheme. In the Insular Tax Cases (1900-1904), the Supreme Court determined that these and other insular possessions are "foreign" to the United States and the several States party to the Constitution, and they are more on the order of British crown colonies than traditional territories of the United States.

Here it is useful to understand that Congress has schizophrenic characters: Congress may exercise only constitutionally enumerated powers where States of the Union are concerned, but has plenary or near-absolute power over land belonging to the United States. Under Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, Congress exercises restrictive power in the Union, but may do anything not specifically prohibited by the Constitution in territory belonging to the United States. Thus, where Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam and American Samoa are concerned, and the new arrival, the Northern Mariana Islands, Congress does as Congress pleases.

Some time after 1908 and before 1918, nonconstitutional insular possessions of the United States entered a political compact or alliance. The name of this alliance is the "United States of America", i.e., "Guam, U.S.A." on letterheads of the government of Guam. Cooper and Bentson tracked mutual assistance agreements among insular possessions that might provide a basis for this second "United States of America" confederation, but they didn't quite get to the meat of the matter.

When Timothy McCrory of Blackwell, Oklahoma and I first stumbled across evidence of this second United States of America in January 1997, the research community was plagued by myopia. States of the Union collectively are the United States of America. The possibility of there being a second United States of America was rejected by most researchers.

The Articles of Confederation in 1777 formally established the original United States of America, mentioned in the Preamble and Article II of the Constitution of the United States. But the Constitution creates and empowers a governmental entity designated and known as the United States. The only authority conferred to the United States of America, as a continuing public entity, is to elect the President and Vice President. When he takes his oath of office, the "President of the United States of America" becomes the "President of the United States". Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution establishes "The judicial Power of the United States," it doesn't vest authority in the United States of America, nor does it acknowledge the United States of America as a principal of interest.

Yet since approximately 1937, virtually all Federal civil actions and criminal prosecutions have been in the name and by authority of the "United States of America".

That isn't what law specifies. Section 3231 of title 18, the Criminal Code, section 1345 of title 28, the Civil Code, and section 7402 of the Internal Revenue Code, all specify that the "United States" is the proper principal of interest.

The only place we've found the "United States of America" as a principal of interest in the current edition of the United States Code is section 1001 of the Criminal Code, formerly 18 U.S.C. þ 80 in the 1940 edition. Under this section, presently titled "statements and entries generally," the United States of America can be a principal of interest where there is fraud against a corporation in which the United States of America is a stockholder.

Beginning with 1918 legislation, the "United States" and the "United States of America" both appeared in the section, where the United States of America was not present in the 1908 statute. In Historical and Statutory notes following the current 18 U.S.C. þ 1001, the reviser's note says the following about deletion of phrasing: "Words 'or any corporation in which the United States of America is a stockholder' in said þ 80 [1940 edition] were omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of 'agency' in þ 6 of this title."

By some quirk of tortured rationale, this come-lately United States of America is construed or defined as an "agency" of United States Government even though the U.S. Supreme Court judicially proclaimed that these constitutionally unincorporated insular possessions are "foreign" to the United States.

In the Interstate Agreement on Detainers Act, which most States of the Union have adopted, the "United States of America" is defined as a "State". The definition is at Article II(a), in Oklahoma Statutes, at section 1347 II(a) of title 22: "'State' shall mean a state of the United States; the United States of America; a territory or possession of the United States; the District of Columbia; the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico."

Where United States Government has subject matter jurisdiction by virtue of a constitutionally enumerated power, Federal agencies and courts have territorial jurisdiction, commonly known as venue, within States of the Union. In this context, then, the "United States of America" is a unique and separate "State" within the framework of the Interstate Agreement on Detainers Act. The United States of America doesn't have any more territorial jurisdiction in Oklahoma and Texas than Kansas does. If and when it has a criminal cause of action against someone located in one of the several States, it must apply for extradition just as one State must apply for extradition from another. Aside from being a political alliance, it is a geographical alliance. It is this entity, that magically appeared between 1908 and 1918, that is the primary vehicle used for Federal encroachment. As we will shortly verify, the Internal Revenue Service is an agency of this come-lately United States of America, it is not an agency of United States Government.

We've engaged this exercise to frame two conclusions: The Internal Revenue Service is successor of the Bureau of Internal Revenue, Puerto Rico, and does not have lawful authority in States of the Union; and the United States of America is a political and geographical alliance foreign to the United States and States of the Union. We now have the stage set for our attorneys.

Diversified Metal Products, Inc. of Idaho received an Internal Revenue Service notice of levy for money the company allegedly owed to Steve Morgan. The notice was challenged, so rather than get caught in the middle, Diversified Metal's attorney, John M. Ohman, filed an impleader action in the District Court of the Seventh Judicial District of Idaho, in the Booneville County Magistrate Court (Case #CV93-4117). The disputed money was deposited with the court. Diversified Metal filed the impleader action to resolve the dispute between T-Bow Company Trust, the Internal Revenue Service, and Steve Morgan. The purpose of the litigation was to determine proper ownership of the money without Diversified Metal having liability exposure to IRS or Morgan.

In the complaint, Ohman set out statements of what he believed to be fact. Averment #4 is as follows: "Defendant Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is an agency of the United States government which has presented to Plaintiff a lien [actually, a notice of levy] against monies to which Steve Morgan, or presumably Defendant T-Bow Company Trust for him, may be entitled."

The United States Attorney for the district, Betty H. Richardson, answered on behalf of the Internal Revenue Service. In her response to Ohman's #4 averment, she made the following corrections: "Denies that the Internal Revenue Service is an agency of the United States Government but admits that the United States of America would be a proper party to this action."

The Internal Revenue Service is not an agency of United States Government, but the United States of America would be a proper party to the action? Richardson was in a corner where she had to confess what Cooper, Bentson, and numerous other people have proven half a dozen different ways: Congress did not legislatively create a Bureau of Internal Revenue and the Philippines gained independence in 1946. That leaves only the Bureau of Internal Revenue, Puerto Rico as a legislatively created governmental entity. The Internal Revenue Service is successor by name change to BIR, Puerto Rico.

If the Internal Revenue Service is not an agency of United States Government, the United States obviously wouldn't be the principal of interest. Davidson glossed over her presentation, but she told the truth. The Internal Revenue Service operates as an agent of this come-lately geographical and political alliance know as the United States of America, Puerto Rico being a party to the compact.

On December 18, 1998, attorney Michael Bufkin of Dundee, Illinois sent a Freedom of Information Act request to the Internal Revenue Service asking for documentation of authority for the Department of Justice to defend IRS personnel in civil litigation and/or criminal prosecution. On August 2, 1999, Leslie Hayward, a Disclosure Program Assistant in the IRS national office, answered Bufkin as follows: "A search was performed with the Office of Tax Crimes (Criminal Investigation) and with the Assistant Chief Counsel (Disclosure Litigation) and we have no documents responsive to your request. However, you may forward a copy of your request to the U.S. Attorney General's Office within the Department of Justice."

In September, Bufkin sent the request to the Department of Justice, then on January 11, 2000, Thomas J. McIntyre, Chief of the Department of Justice Freedom of Information/Privacy Act Unit, made the following response: "We have conducted a search of the appropriate indices to Criminal Division records and did not locate any records responsive to your request."

In other words, Internal Revenue Service personnel constitute an endangered species. It might be necessary to roll them in sand to reduce the slime factor, but once you get hold well enough to usher them to jail or sue them in civil court, the Department of Justice and U.S. Attorneys have to watch from a respectful distance. IRS personnel are agents of a government foreign to the United States, and they do not have lawful access to government-funded defense when the Federalism scheme finally comes down around their ears. They are quite literally agents of a foreign government invading the several States of the Union.

What happens when the chickens come home to roost? In 1995, Cooper and Bentson followed fraudulently collected American tax dollars through the Agency for International Development to projects such as funding the Kava River tank and military truck factory in Russia. The factory, which has more space under roof than all American auto factories combined, was built during the latter Cold War period before the Soviet Union was dissolved. As the research community documents and eventually exposes these kinds of projects illicitly funded with American tax money, entrenched powers behind the Federalism scheme will have to account to an irate public.

Internal Revenue Service/Internal Revenue Code Investigative Report

By William Cooper

CAJI News Service - Exclusive

"The Congress shall have Power to lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;" The Constitution for the united States of America, Article 1, Section 8, paragraph 1.

"No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken." The Constitution for the united States of America, Article 1, Section 9, paragraph 4.

CAJI Investigation

Investigation of the alleged Internal Revenue Service and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms has disclosed a broad, premeditated conspiracy to defraud the Citizens of the united States of America. Examination of the United States Code, the Code of Federal Regulations, the Statutes at Large, Congressional Record, the Federal Register, and Internal Revenue manuals too numerous to list reveals a crime of such magnitude that words cannot adequately describe the betrayal of the American people. What we uncovered has clearly been designed to circumvent the limitations of the Constitution for the united States of America and implement the Communist Manifesto within the 50 States. Marx and Engles claimed that in the effort to create a classless society, a "graduated income tax" could be used as a weapon to destroy the middle class.

The Art of Illusion

Magic is the art of illusion. Those who practice magic are called magi. They have created a web of obfuscation and confusion in the law. When the courts have ruled them unconstitutional or unlawful they merely stepped outside jurisdiction and venue. By fooling the people they continued the crime. These Magicians have convinced Americans that we have a status we do not. We are led to believe we must do things that are not required. Through the clever use of language the government promotes the fraud.

Not Created by Congress

The Bureau of Internal Revenue, and the alleged Internal Revenue Service were not created by Congress. These are not organizations or agencies of the Department of the Treasury or of the federal government. They appear to be operated through pure trusts administered by the Secretary of the Treasury (the Trustee). The Settler of the trusts and the Beneficiary or Beneficiaries are unknown. According to the law governing trusts the information does not have to be revealed.

Not Found in 31 USC

The organization of the Department of the Treasury can be found in 31 United States Code, Chapter 3, beginning on page 7. You will not find the Bureau of Internal Revenue, the Internal Revenue Service, the Secret Service, or the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms listed. We learned that the Bureau of Internal Revenue, Internal Revenue, internal revenue, Internal Revenue Service, the Federal Alcohol Administration, Director Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms are one organization. We found this obfuscated.

Constructive Fraud

The investigation found, that except for the very few who are engaged in specific activities, the Citizens of the 50 States of the united States of America have never been required to file or to pay "income taxes." The Federal government is engaged in constructive fraud on a massive scale. Americans who have been frightened into filing and paying "income taxes" have been robbed of their money. Millions of lives have been ruined. Hundreds of thousands of innocent people have been imprisoned on the pretense they violated laws that do not exist. Some have been driven to suicide. Marriage have been destroyed., Property has been confiscated to pay . . . . .

Lincoln's War Tax

During the Civil war Abraham Lincoln imposed a war tax upon the citizens. The War tax lawfully applied only to those citizens who resided within the federal District of Columbia and the federally owned territories, dockyards, naval bases, or forts, and those who were considered to be in rebellion against the Union. Many Citizens of the several States volunteered to pay. After the war the tax was repealed. This left the impression that the President and Congress could levy an unapportioned direct tax upon the Citizens of the several States, when, in fact, no such tax had ever been imposed. The Tax was not fraud as nothing was done to deceive the people. Those who were deceived, in fact, deceived themselves.

Philippine Trust #1

In the last century the United States acquired by conquest the territory of the Philippine Islands, Guam, and Puerto Rico. The Philippine Customs Administrative Act was passed by the Philippine Commission during the period from Sept. 1, 1900 a 31, 1902, to regulate trade with foreign countries and to create revenue in the form of duties, imposts, and excises. The Act crated the federal government's first trust fund called Trust fund #1, the Philippine special fund (customs duties), 31 USC, Section 1321. The Act was administered under the general Supervision and control of the Secretary of Finance and Justice.

Philippine Trust #2

Bureau of Internal Revenue

The Philippine Commission passed another act known as The Internal Revenue Law of Nineteen Hundred and Four. This Act created the Bureau of Internal Revenue and the federal government's second trust fund called Trust fund #2, the Philippine special fund (internal revenue), 31 USC, Section 1321. In the Act, Article I, Section 2, we find, "There shall be established a Bureau of Internal Revenue, the chief officer of which Bureau shall be known as the Collector of Internal Revenue. He shall be appointed by the Civil Governor, with the advice and consent of the Philippine Commission, and shall receive a salary at the rate of eight thousand pesos per annum. The Bureau of Internal Revenue shall belong to the department of Finance and Justice."

And in Section 3, we find,

"The Collector of Internal Revenue, under the direction of the Secretary of Finance and Justice, shall have general superintendence of the assessment and collection of all taxes and excises imposed by this Act or by any Act amendatory thereof, and shall perform such other duties as may be required by law."

Customs & BIR Merged

It is clear that the Customs Administrative Act was to fall within the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Internal Revenue which bureau was to be responsible for "all taxes and excises imposed by this Act," which clearly included import and export excise taxes. This effectively merged Customs and Internal Revenue in the Philippines.

Demon Alcohol

When Prohibition was ratified in 1919 with the 18th Amendment, the government created federal bureaucracies to enforce the outlaw of alcohol. As protest and resistance to prohibition increased so did new federal laws and the number of bureaucrats hired to enforce them. After much bloodshed and public anger prohibition was repealed with the 21st Amendment which was ratified in 1933.

Federal Alcohol Act

In 1933 President Roosevelt declared a "banking Emergency." The Congress gave the President dictatorial powers under the "War Powers Act of 1917." Congress used the economic emergency as the excuse to give blanket approval to any and all Presidential executive orders. Roosevelt, with a little help from his socialist friends, was prolific in his production of new legislation and executive orders. In 1935 the Public Administration Clearinghouse wrote, and Roosevelt introduced, The Federal Alcohol Act. Congress passed it into law. The Act established The Federal Alcohol Administration. That same year the Supreme Court, in a monumental ruling, struck down the act among many others on a long list of draconian and New Deal laws. The Federal Alcohol Administration did not go away; it became involved in other affairs, placed in a sort of standby status.

Internal Revenue (Puerto Rico)

At some unknown date prior to 1940 another Bureau of Internal Revenue was established in Puerto Rico. The 62nd trust fund was created and named Trust fund #62 Puerto Rico special fund (Internal Revenue). Note that the Puerto Rico special fund has Internal Revenue, capital "I" & "R". The Philippine special fund (internal revenue) is in lower case letters. Between 1904 and 1938 the China Trade Act was passed to deal with opium, cocaine and citric wines shipped out of China. It appears to have been administered in the Philippines by the Bureau of Internal Revenue.

China Trade Act

We studied a copy of The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America in Force June 1, 1938, Title 26 - Internal Revenue, Chapter I - (Parts 1-137). On page 65 it makes reference to the China Trade Act, where we find the first use of such terms as: income, credits, withholding, Assessment and Collection of Deficiencies, extension of time for payment, and failure to file return. The entire substance of Title 26 deals with foreign individuals, foreign corporations, foreign insurance corporations, foreign ships, income from sources within possessions of United States, Citizens of the United States and domestic corporations deriving income from sources within a possession of the United States, and China Trade Act Corporations.

[click here for more complete research on Withholding]

Narcotics, Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms

All of the taxes covered by these laws concerned the imposts, excise taxes and duties to be collected by the Bureau of Internal Revenue for such items as narcotics, alcohol, tobacco, and firearms. The alleged Internal Revenue Service likes to make a big do about the fact that Al Capone was jailed for tax evasion. The IRS will not tell you that the tax Capone evaded was not "income tax: as we know it, but the tax due on the income from the alcohol which he had imported from Canada. If he had paid the tax he would not have been convicted. The Internal Revenue Act of 1939 was clearly concerned with all taxes, imposts, excises and duties collected on trade between the possessions and territories of the United States and foreign individuals, foreign corporations, or foreign governments. The income tax laws have always applied only to the Philippines, Puerto Rico, District of Columbia, Virgin Islands, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, territories and insular possessions.

FAA becomes BIR

Under the Reorganization Plan Number 3 of 1940 which appears at 5 United States Code Service, Section 903, the Federal Alcohol Administration and offices of members and Administrator thereof were abolished and their functions directed to be administered under direction and supervision of Secretary of Treasury through Bureau of Internal Revenue. We found this history in all of the older editions of 27 USCS, Section 201. It has been removed from current editions. Only two Bureaus of Internal Revenue have ever existed. One in the Philippines and another in Puerto Rico. Events that have transpired tell us that the Federal Alcohol Administration was absorbed by the Puerto Rico Trust #62 (Internal Revenue).

Victory Tax Act

World War II was a golden opportunity. Americans were willing to sacrifice almost anything if they thought that sacrifice would win the war. In that atmosphere Congress passed the Victory Tax Act. It mandated an income tax for the years 1943 and 1944 to be filed and paid in the years 1944 and 1945. The Victory Tax Act automatically expired at the end of 1944. The federal government, with the clever use of language, created the myth that the tax was applicable to all Americans. Because of their desire to win the war Americans filed and paid the tax. Because of ignorance of the law Americans filed and paid the tax. The government promoted the fraud and threatened those who objected. Americans forgot that the law expired in 2 years. When the date had come and gone, they continued to keep "records"; they continued to file; and they continued to pay the tax. The federal government continued to print returns and collect the tax. Never mind the fact that no Citizen of any of the several States of the Union was ever liable to pay the tax in the first place.

Federal Power Limited

The fiction, "that because it was an excise tax, it was legal," is not true. The power of the federal government is limited to its own property as stated in Article 1, Section 8, paragraph 17, and to "regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes;" as stated in Article 1, Section 8, paragraph 3. 18 USC, Section 921, Definitions, states, "The term 'interstate or foreign commerce' includes commerce between any place in a State and any place outside that State, or within any possession of the United States (not including the Canal Zone)." Only employees of the federal government, residents of the District of Columbia, residents of naval bases, residents of forts, U.S. Citizens of the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, territories, and insular possessions were lawfully required to file and pay the Victory Tax.

BIR becomes IRS

In 1953 the United States relinquished its control over the Philippines. Why do the Philippine pure Trusts #1 (customs duties) and #2 (internal revenue) continue to be administered today? Who are the Settlers of the Trusts? What is done with the funds in the Trusts? What businesses, if any, do these Trusts operate? Who are the Beneficiaries? Coincidentally on July 9, 1953 the Secretary of the Treasury, G. M. Humphrey, by "virtue of the authority vested in me," changed the name of the Bureau of the Internal Revenue, BIR, to Internal Revenue Service when he signed what is now Treasury Order 150-06. This was an obvious attempt to legitimize the Bureau of Internal Revenue. Without the approval of Congress or the President, Humphrey, without any legal authority, tried to turn a pure trust into an agency of the Department of the Treasury. His actions were illegal, but went unchallenged. Did he change the name of the BIR in Puerto Rico or the BIR in the Philippines? We cannot find the answer.

Mutual Security Act

In 1954 the United States and Guam became partners under the Mutual Security Act. The Act and other documents make reference to the definition of Guam and the United States as being mutually interchangeable. In the same year the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 was passed. The Code provides for the United States and Guam to coordinate the "Individual Income Tax". Pertinent information on the tax issue may be found in 26 CFR 301.7654-1: Coordination of U.S. and Guam Individual income taxes, 26 CFR 7654-1(e): Military personnel in Guam, 48 USC Section 1421I: "Income-tax laws" defined. The Constitution forbids unapportioned direct taxes upon the Citizens of the several States of the 50 States of the Union; therefore the federal government must trick (defraud) people into volunteering to pay taxes as "U.S. citizens" of either Guam, the Virgin Islands, or Puerto Rico. It sounds insane, and it is, but it is absolutely true.

BATF from IRS

On June 6, 1972 Acting Secretary of the Treasury Charles E. Walker signed Treasury Order Number 120-01 which established the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. He did this with the stroke of his pen citing "by virtue of the authority vested in me as Secretary of the Treasury, including the authority in Reorganization Plan No. 26 of 1950.: He order [states] the

"...transfer, as specified herein, the functions, powers and duties of the Internal Revenue Service arising under laws relating to alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives (including the Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Division of the Internal Revenue Service) to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (hereinafter referred to as the Bureau) which is hereby established. The Bureau shall be headed by the Director, Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (hereinafter referred to as the Director). the Director shall perform his duties under the general direction of the Secretary of the Treasury (hereinafter referred to as the Secretary ) and under the supervision of the Assistant Secretary (Enforcement, Tariff and Trade Affairs, and Operations) (hereinafter referred to as the Assistant Secretary)." [my insertrion, Dan]

BATF = IRS

Treasury Order 120-01 assigned to the new BATF Chapter 51, 52 and 53 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 and sections 7652 and 7653 of such code, chapters 61 through 80 inclusive of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, the Federal Alcohol Administration Act (27 USC Chapter 8) (which, in 1935, the Supreme Court had declared unconstitutional within the several States of the Union,) 18 USC Chapter 44, Title VII Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (18 USC Appendix, sections 1201-1203, 18 USC 1262-1265, 1952 and 3615, and etc. Mr. Walker then makes a statement within TO 120-01 that is very revealing.

"The terms 'Director, Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Division' and 'Commissioner of Internal Revenue' wherever used in regulations, rules, and instructions, and forms, issued or adopted for the administration and enforcement of the laws specified in paragraph 2 hereof, which are in effect or in use on the effective date of this Order, shall be held to mean 'the Director'". Walker seemed to branch the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), creating the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (BATF), and then with that statement joined them back together into one. In the Federal Register, Volume 41, Number 180, of Wednesday, September 15, 1976 we find, "The term 'Director, Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Division' has been replaced by the term 'Internal Revenue Service."

We found this pattern of deception and obfuscation everywhere we looked during our investigation. For further evidence of the fact that the IRS and the BATF are one and the same organization check 27 USCA Section 201.

The Gift of the Magi

This is how the Magi perform magic. Secretary Humphrey, with no authority, creates an agency of the Department of the Treasury called "Internal Revenue Service", out of the air, from an offshore pure trust called "Bureau of Internal Revenue ............and beneficiaries" of the trust are unknown. The "Trustee" is the Secretary of the Treasury. Acting Secretary Walker further launders the trust by creating, from the alleged "Internal Revenue Service," the "Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms."

Person Becomes Thing

Unlike Humphrey, however, Walker assuaged himself of any guilt when he nullified the order by proclaiming, "The terms 'Director, Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Division' and 'Commissioner of Internal Revenue' wherever used in regulations, rules, and instructions, and forms, issued or adopted for the administration and enforcement of the laws specified in paragraph 2 hereof, which are in effect or in use on the effective date of this Order, shall be held to mean 'the Director'." Walker created the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms from the Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Division of Humphrey's Internal Revenue Service. He then says, that what was transferred, is the same entity as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. He knew he could not legally create something from nothing without the authority of Congress and/or the President, so he made it look like he did something that he had, in fact, not done. To compound the fraud the Federal Register published the unbelievable assertion that a person had been replaced with a thing; "the term Director Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Division has been replaced with the term Internal Revenue Service."

Stroke of Genius

The Federal Alcohol Administration. which administered the Federal Alcohol Act, and offices of members and Administrator thereof were abolished and their functions were directed to be administered under direction and supervision of Secretary of Treasury through Bureau of Internal Revenue, now Internal Revenue Service. The Federal Alcohol Act was ruled unconstitutional within the 50 States so was transferred to the BIR which is an offshore trust, which became the IRS, which gave birth to the BATF and somehow, the term Director, Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Division, which is a person within the BATF, spawned the alleged Internal Revenue Service via another flick of the pen on September 15, 1976. In a brilliant flash of logic Wayne C. Bentson determined that he could check these facts by filing a freedom of information act request asking the BATF to "name the person who now administers the Federal Alcohol Act." If we were wrong a reply stating that no record exists as to any name of any person who administers the Act. The request was submitted to the BATF. The reply came on July 14, 1994, from the Secret Service, an unexpected source, which discloses a connection we had not suspected. The reply states that John Magaw of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, of the Department of the Treasury administers the Federal Alcohol Act. You may remember from the Waco hearings that John Magaw is the Director Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. All of our research was confirmed by that admission.

Smoke and Mirrors

Despite all the pen flicking and the smoke and mirrors, there is no such organization of the Department of the Treasury known as "Internal Revenue Service" or the "Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms." 31 USC is 'Money and Finance' and therein are published the laws pertaining to the Department of the Treasury (DOT). 31 USC, Chapter 3 is a statutory list of the organizations of the DOT. Internal Revenue Service and/or Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms are not listed within 31 USC as agencies or organizations of the Department of the Treasury. They are referenced, however, as, "to be audited" by the Controller General in 31 USC Section 713.

BATF - Puerto Rico

We have already demonstrated that both of these organizations are in reality the same organization. Where we find one we will surely find the other. In 27 CFR, Chapter 1, Section 250.11, definitions we find, "United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms office. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms office. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms office. The Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms office in Puerto Rico ...," and "Secretary - The Secretary of the Treasury of Puerto Rico." and "Revenue Agent - Any duly authorized Commonwealth Internal Revenue Agent of the epartment of the Treasury of Puerto Rico." Remember that 'Internal Revenue' is the name of the Puerto Rico Trust #62. It is perfectly logical and reasonable that a Revenue Agent works as an employee for the Department of the Treasury of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Where is IRS?

Where is the alleged "Internal Revenue Service"? The Internal Revenue Code of 1939, a.k.a. Internal Revenue Code of 1954, etc., etc., etc. 27 CFR refers to Title 26 as relevant to Title 27, as per 27 CFR, Chapter 1, Section 250.30, which states that 26 USC 5001(a)(1) is governing a 27 USC law. In fact 26 USC Chapters 51, 52, and 53 are the alcohol, tobacco and firearms taxes, administered by the Internal Revenue Service; alias Bureau of Internal Revenue; alias Virgin Islands Bureau of Internal Revenue; alias Director, Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Division; alias Internal Revenue Service.

Must be Noticed

According to 26 CFR Section 1.6001-1(d), Records, no one is required to keep records or file returns unless specifically notified by the district director by notice served upon him, to make such returns, render such statements, or keep such specific records as will enable the district director to determine whether or not such person is liable for tax under subtitle A of the Code. 26 CFR states that this rule includes State individual income taxes. Don't get yourself all lathered up because State means, ... the District of Columbia, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, territories, and insular possessions.

No Implementation of Law

44 USC says that every regulation or rule must be published in the Federal Register. It also states that every regulation or rule must be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury. If there is no regulation there is no implementation of the law. There is no regulation governing "failure to file a return." There is no computer code for "failure to file." The only thing we could find was a requirement stating "where to file" an income tax return. It can be found in 26 CFR, Section 1.6091-3, which states that, "Income tax returns required to be filed with Director of International Operations." Who is the Director of International Operations?

Delegation of Authority

No one in government is allowed to do anything unless they have been given specific written authority in the law or someone who has been given authority in the law gives that person a delegation of authority order, spelling out exactly what they can and cannot do under that specific order. We combed the Department of the Treasury's Handbook of Delegation Orders and we found that no one in the IRS or BATF has any authority to do most of the things they have been doing for years.

No Authority to Audit

Delegation Order Number 115 (Rev. 5), of May 12, 1986 is the only delegation of authority to conduct Audit. It states that the IRS and BATF can only audit themselves and only for amounts of $750 or less. Any amount above that amount must be audited by the Controller General according to Title 31 USC. No other authority to audit exists. No IRS or BATF agent, or representative can furnish us with any law, rule, or regulation which gives them the authority to audit anyone other than themselves. Order Number 191 states that they can levy on Property but only if that Property is in the hands of third parties.

Authority to Investigate

The manual states on page 1100-40.2, of April 21, 1989, Criminal Investigation Division, that "the Criminal Investigation Division enforces the criminal statutes applicable to income, estate, gift, employment, and excise tax laws ... involving United States citizens residing in foreign countries and nonresident aliens subject to Federal income tax filing requirements by developing information concerning alleged criminal violations thereof, evaluating allegations and indications of such violations to determine investigations to be undertaken, investigating suspected criminal violations of such laws, recommending prosecution when warranted, and measuring effectiveness of the investigation processes... ."

Authority to Collect

On page 1100-40.1 it states in 1132.7 of April 21, 1989, Director, Office of Taxpayer Service and Compliance,

"Responsible for operation of a comprehensive enforcement and assistance program for all taxpayers under the immediate jurisdiction of the Assistant Commissioner (International)... ...Directs the full range of collection activity on delinquent accounts and delinquent returns for taxpayers overseas, in Puerto Rico, and in United States possessions and territories."

50 States not Included

1132.72 of April 21, 1989, Collection Division, says

"Executes the full range of collection activities on delinquent accounts, which includes securing delinquent returns involving taxpayers outside the United States and those in United States territories, possessions and in Puerto Rico."

U.S. Attorney's Manual

The United States Attorney's Manual, Title 6 Tax Division, Chapter 4, page 16, October 1, 1988, 6-4.270, Criminal Division Responsibility states, "The Criminal Division has limited responsibility for the prosecution of offenses investigated by the IRS. Those offenses are: excise violations involving liquor tax, narcotics, stamp tax, firearms, wagering, and coin-operated gambling and amusement machines; malfeasance offenses committed by IRS personnel; forcible rescue of seized property; corrupt or forcible interference with an officer or employee acting under the internal revenue laws; and unauthorized mutilation, removal or misuse of stamps. See 28 CFR S O.70.

"Act of Congress"

We found this revelation in 28 USC Rule 54c, Application of Terms,

"As used in these rules the following terms have the designated meanings. 'Act of Congress' includes any act of Congress locally applicable to and in force in the District of Columbia, in Puerto Rico, in a territory or in an insular possession."

It is the Law

28 USC is the "Rules of Courts" and was written and approved by the Justices of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court in writing 28 USC has already ruled upon this issue. It is the Law.

Where is the Money?

Where does the money go that is paid into the IRS? It spends at lease a year in what is called a "quad zero" account under an Individual Master File, after which time the Director of the IRS Center can apparently do whatever he wants with the money. It is sometimes dispersed under Treasury Order 91 (Rev. 1), May 12, 1986 which is a service agreement between and the Agency for International Development, AID.

We Financed Soviet Weapons

When William Casey, Directory of the Central Intelligence Agency during Iran-Contra, was the head of AID he funneled hundreds of millions of dollars to the Soviet Union which money was spent building the Kama River Truck Factory, the largest military production facility for tanks, trucks, armored personnel carriers, and other wheeled vehicles in the world. The Kama River factory has a production capability larger than all of the combined automobile and truck manufacturing plants in the United States.

IRS/AID Service Agreement

The agreement states, "Authority is hereby delegated to the Assistant Commissioner International to develop and enter into the service agreement between the Treasury Department and the Agency for International Development." The Secretary of the Treasury is always appointed U.S. Governor of the International Monetary Fund in accordance with the international agreement that created the IMF. The Secretary of the Treasury is paid by the IMF while serving as Governor.

Agent of Foreign Powers

Lloyd Bentsen held the following positions at the same time he was the Secretary of the Treasury: U.S. Governor of the International Monetary Fund, U.S. Governor of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, U.S. Governor of the Inter-American Development, U.S. Governor of the African Development Fund, and U.S. Governor of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Mr. Bentsen received a salary from each of these organizations which literally made him an unregistered agent of several foreign powers.

Citizen vs citizen

By birth we are each a Citizen of the State of California, or a Citizen of the State of Arizona, or a Citizen of whatever State wherein we were born, and at the same time we are all Citizens of the united States of America, and are not subject to Acts of Congress other than the 18 powers specifically cited in the Constitution for the united States of America. People who are born or who reside within the federal District of Columbia, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, any territory, on any naval base or dockyard, within forts, or within insular possessions are called U.S. citizens and are subject to Acts of Congress. Within the law words have meanings that are not the same meanings that are accepted in common usage. Our Constitution is the Constitution for the united States of America. The U.S. Constitution is the Constitution of Puerto Rico.

Volunteer "Taxpayers"

We are subject to the laws of the jurisdiction which we volunteer to accept. In the law governing income tax, income is defined as foreign earned income, offshore oil well or windfall profits, and war profits. A return is prepared by a taxpayer to submit to the federal government taxes that he/she collected. A taxpayer is one who collects taxes and submits the taxes as a return to the federal government. An employee is one who is employed by the federal government. An employer is the federal government. An individual is a citizen of Guam or the U.S. Virgin islands. A business is defined as a government, a bank, or an insurance company. A resident is an alien citizen of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or Perto Rico who resides within one of the 50 States of the united States of America or one of the other island possessions.

1040 for "Aliens"

A form 1040 is the income tax return for a nonresident alien citizen of the U.S. Virgin Islands residing within one of the 50 States of the several States of the united States of America. If you volunteer that you are a U.S. citizen, you have become a U.S. citizen. If you write or print your name on a line labeled "taxpayer," you have become a taxpayer. Since these forms are affidavits which you submit under penalty of perjury you commit a crime every time you fill one out and sign stating that you are what you are not. The federal government is delighted by your ignorance and will gladly accept your returns and your money. As proof refer to The Virgin Islands Tax Guide which states, "All references to the District Director or to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue should be interpreted to mean the Director of the Virgin Islands Bureau of Internal Revenue. All references to the Internal Revenue Service, the Federal depository and similar references should be interpreted as the BIR, and so forth. Any questions in interpreting Federal forms for use in the Virgin Islands should be referred to the BIR."

Codes tell the Tale

In Internal Revenue Service publication 6209, Computer Codes for IRS, "TC 150" is listed as the code for "Virgin Island Returns" and the codes 300 through 398 are listed as "U.S. and UK Tax Treaty claims involving taxes on narcotics which were financed in the Cayman Islands and imported into the Virgin Island"

Narcotics Dealer?

When Freedom of Information Act requests have been filed for [the] Individual Master File (IMF) for people who are experiencing tax problems with the IRS, every return has been found to contain the above codes except for some which are coded as "Guam" returns. Every return shows that the unsuspecting Citizen is being taxed on income derived from importing narcotics, alcohol, tobacco, or firearms into the United States or one of its territories or possessions, from a foreign country or from Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or into the Virgin Islands from the Cayman Islands.

Who is required to file?

26 CFR, Section 601.103(a) is the only place which tells us who is required to file a return provided that person has been properly noticed by the District Director to keep records and then noticed that he/she is required to file. It states, "In general each taxpayer (or person required to collect and pay over the taxes) is required to file a prescribed for[m] of return ..." Are you a taxpayer?

Who are these Thugs?

The scam manifests itself in many different ways. In order to maintain the semblance of legality, hats are changed from moment to moment. When you are told to submit records for examination you are dealing with Customs. When you submit an offer in compromise you are dealing with the Coast Guard. When you are confronted by a Special Agent of the IRS you are really dealing with a deputized United States Marshall. When you are being investigated by the alleged Internal Revenue Service you are really dealing with an agent contracted by the Justice Department to investigate narcotics violations. When the alleged Internal Revenue Service charges you with a crime you are dealing with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. Only a small part of 26 USC is administered by the alleged Internal Revenue Service. Most of the Code is administered by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, including Chapters 61 through 80 which is enforcement. In addition, 27 CFR is BATF and states in Subpart B - Definitions, 250.11, Meaning of terms, "United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms office - Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms office in Puerto Rico." Every person we find who is being prosecuted by the alleged Internal Revenue Service has a code on their IMF putting them in "tax class 6" which designates that they have violated a law relating to alcohol, tobacco, or firearms, Puerto Rico.

No Jurisdiction

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms has no venue or jurisdiction within the borders of any of the 50 States of the united States of America except in pursuit of an importer of contraband alcohol, tobacco, or firearms who failed to pay the tax on those items. As proof refer to the July 30, 1993 ruling of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, in 1 F.3d 1511; 1993 U.S. App. Lexis 19747, where the court ruled in United States v. D.J. Vollmer & Co. that the BATF has jurisdiction over the first sale of a firearm imported to the country but they don't have jurisdiction over subsequent sales.

Feds Lie

Attorneys, including your defense attorney, the U.S. Attorney, Federal Judges, and alleged Internal Revenue Service and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms personnel routinely lie in depositions and on the witness stand to perpetuate this fraud. They do this willingly and with full knowledge that they are committing Perjury. Every Judge intentionally lies every time he/she gives instructions to a Jury in a criminal or [civil] tax case brought by the IRS or BATF. They all know it, and do it willingly, and with malice aforethought.

Where do they get these Guys?

How does the government hire people who will intentionally work to defraud their fellow Americans? Most of those who work on the lower levels for the IRS, BATF, and other agencies simply do not know the truth. They do as they are told to earn a living until retirement. Executives, U.S. Attorneys, Federal Judges, and others do know and are with full knowledge and malice aforethought, participating in the crime of the century. Many of these people, including the President, are paid lots of money.

Monetary Awards

The Internal Revenue Manual, Handbook of Delegation Orders, January 17, 1983, page 1229-91 outlines the alleged Internal Revenue Service's system of monetary awards "of up to and including $5,000 for any one individual employee or group of employees in his/her immediate office, including field employees engaged in National office projects; and contributions of employees of other Government agencies and armed forces members" with the approval of the Deputy Commissioner, "of $10,001 - $25,000 for any one individual or group" with the Commissioner's concurrence, "an additional monetary award of $10,000 (total $35,000) to the President through Treasury and OPM" with the Commissioner's concurrence.

Legal Bribery

These awards include cash awards. They are not limited as to number that may be awarded to any one person or group. There is no time limitation placed upon any award. Any person or group of persons can be awarded this money, including U.S. Attorneys, Federal Judges, your Certified Public Accountant, the President of the United States, members of Congress, your mother, H&R Block, etc. The awards may be given to the same person or group each minute, each hour, every day, every week, every month, every year, or not at all. In other words, the U.S. Government and the alleged Internal Revenue Service a.k.a. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms has a perfectly legal system of bribery. The bribery works against the Citizens of the several States of the united States of America.

Warning!

Our investigation uncovered a lot. We have printed only a little. Successful use of this material requires a lot of study and an excellent understanding of the legal system. Please do not compound errors by attempting to extract some imaginary magic bullet to use against the alleged Internal Revenue Service or the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. It is not enough to discover this information; you must know it inside out, backward and forward, like you know the smell of your own breath.

Trust Betrayed

We have been betrayed by those we trusted. We have been robbed of our money and property. It happened because we trusted imperfect men to rule imperfect men and we failed in our duty as watchdog. It happened because we have been ignorant, apathetic, and even stupid.

By Choice and Consent

"A nation or world of people, who will not use their intelligence, are no better than animals that do not have intelligence; such people are beasts of burden and steaks on the table by choice and consent."

see also: Behold a Pal Horse, by William Cooper, Light Technology Publishing Sedona.

A significant portion of the research that led to the writing of this article was contributed by Mr. Wayne Bentson. IRS investigative research/Veritas Magazine, September 1995

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References - More Reading Materials on Zoning & Property (Rights)

In court? Need assistance? JurisdictionaryÆ

Modernization of Zoning - A Means to Reform

http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/reg19n2f.html

Property and Freedom - a book review

http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv22n2/bookreviews.pdf

Property and Freedom, by Richard Pipes; Hardcover, 317pp., ISBN: 0375404988; Publisher: Knopf Alfred A; April 1999

Alliance for America

Citizens for Constitutional Property Rights

Defenders of Property Rights

Environmental Conservation Organization

Forest Service Theft of Property

National Association of Reversionary Property Owners

Law Research & Registry

Pennsylvania Landowners Association

Property Rights

Siskiyou County Farm Bureau

Take Back Arkansas
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